Individually Adapted Immunosuppression in de Novo Renal Transplantation Based on Immune Function Monitoring: a Prospective Randomised Study

Inclusion Criteria: * First or second kidney transplantation * Males and females, 18 years old or older * Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test with sensitivity equal to at least 50 mIU/mL * Patients must be capable of understanding the purpose and risks of the study and must sign an informed consent form Exclusion Criteria: * Multiple organ transplantation (eg. kidney-pancreas, kidney-heart, kidney-liver,...) * Transplantation of a patient who received another organ transplant previously except one kidney transplant * Recipients of HLA-identical living-related renal transplants * Patients with PRA \> 10%, patients who have lost a first graft from rejection. * Pregnant or lactating women * WBC =\< 2.5 x 109/L (IU), platelet count =\< 100 x 109/L (IU), or Hb =\< 6g/dl at the time of entry into the study * Active peptic ulcer * Severe diarrhea or other gastrointestinal disorders which might interfere with the ability to absorb oral medication, including diabetic patients with previously diagnosed diabetic gastroenteropathy * Known HIV-1 or HTLV-1 positive tests * History of malignancy in the past 5 years (with the exception of adequately treated basal or squamous skin cell carcinoma) * The use of investigational drugs or other immunosuppressive drugs as those specified in this protocol * Patients receiving bile acid sequestrants * Psychological illness or condition interfering with the patient's compliance or ability to understand the requirements of the study.