Safety and Tolerability of Oxycyte in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Inclusion Criteria: * Male or female 18 - 70 years of age (inclusive) at the time of study entry * Weight ≥45 kg * Able to begin the infusion of study drug within 12 hours of injury * Evidence of severe non-penetrating traumatic brain injury by clinical evaluation, clinical indication for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assessment (4-8 prior to randomization, obtained any time prior to dosing and including patients who deteriorate to severe TBI after arrival in the hospital, not including times when the patient is pharmacologically paralyzed for management or treatment) and with definite anatomic signs of injury on head CT scan (e.g., Marshall Grade II-VI or equivalent) * At least one reactive pupil at screening. Just prior to study drug administration pupil reactivity must be confirmed again. If the patient is in the peri-postoperative period at that time and reactivity is difficult to assess due to small pupil size, the Investigator will determine if the patient is eligible based on clinical presentation. * If a patient, due to his or her injuries is unable to provide written informed consent, then written consent may be obtained by an appropriate surrogate decision maker in accordance with preapproved procedures in compliance with local regulations. Exclusion Criteria: Patients who meet any of the following criteria will not be included in the study: Physical Assessment: * Not expected to survive the next 24 hours * Morbidly obese (BMI \>40) * Absence of a motor response (not including times when the patient is pharmacologically paralyzed for management or treatment) * Severe unexpected hyperthermia on admission (e.g. \>39°C) * Bilaterally fixed and dilated pupils * Penetrating traumatic brain injury * Major liver, kidney, or cardiac injury requiring operative intervention * Major pulmonary injury, including lung contusion, severe atelectasis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or acute aspiration pneumonitis * Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary edema, or congestive heart failure in the judgment of the Investigator Laboratory Values: * Platelet count \<100,000/mm3 at screening, prior to transfusion of any platelets * Neutrophil count \<1500 /mm3 at screening * In the judgment of the Investigator, any clinically significant prolonged clotting time on INR, prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), or any other coagulation test performed * One or more of the following liver function test results: Total Bilirubin \>2 x upper limit of normal (ULN), ALT \>2.5 x ULN, or AST 2.5 \> x ULN * Women with a positive pregnancy test or known to be currently breastfeeding at screening Concomitant Medications: * Known use of immunosuppressive therapy (e.g. TNF inhibitors, methotrexate, cyclosporine, etc.) * Concurrent use of Plavix® (clopidogrel bisulfate), Pradaxa® (dabigatran elexilate) or an anti- coagulant other than ≤100 mg/day aspirin for any condition Known Medical History: * Immersion injury * Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (chest compression and/or external cardiac shock) required following the current injury * Hemodynamically unstable (e.g., requiring \>6L colloid or crystalloid fluid as well as \>4 units of packed cells within 4 hours prior to enrollment) * Known or suspected brain tumor * Known severe allergy to any component of Oxycyte or known severe allergy to eggs * Known to be immunocompromised (e.g. known history of HIV) * Known history of major liver disease (e.g., liver failure, necrosis or cirrhosis) or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection * Any known hematological or coagulopathic disorder that, in the Investigator's opinion, is likely to significantly impair platelet function or coagulation (e.g., hemophilia, von Willebrand's disease, myelodysplastic syndrome) * History of severe TBI (previous to the current TBI) or any prior cerebral injury that required hospitalization and that may, in the Investigator's opinion, interfere with the results of this study * Known history of any of the following diseases: Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, major stroke, seizure disorder, multiple sclerosis or cerebral aneurysm (unless clipped and stable, in which case patient may be included) * Any life threatening condition prior to the current injury or other diseases or disorders that, in the Investigator's opinion, may put the patient at undue risk or confound the results of the study (e.g signs of soft tissue or other active infection) * Current participation in another clinical trial with an investigational product, or participation in such a clinical trial within 30 days prior to screening * Patients serving in the military forces at the time of screening who (if required) do not have the necessary approval from the appropriate authorities