Evaluation of Hemodynamic Effects of Cascade Hemofiltration in Septic Shock

Overview

Septic shock is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients. Septic Shock is associated with an overwhelming, systemic overflow of pro inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, which leads to generalized endothelial damage, multiple organ failure, and altered cellular immunological responsiveness. Although our understanding of the complex pathophysiological alterations that occur in septic shock has increased greatly as a result of recent clinical and preclinical studies, mortality associated with the disorder remains unacceptably high, ranging from 30% to 50%. To date, attempts to improve survival with innovative, predominantly anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies have been disappointing. A standard hemofiltration rate of 35 ml/kg/hour has been successfully used to treat acute renal failure. However, this dose does not alter plasma levels of inflammatory mediators, suggesting that its ability to clear these mediators is suboptimal. Higher doses of hemofiltration (up to 120 ml/kg per hour) have been demonstrated to improve cardiac function and hemodynamics in several animal models of sepsis. High-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) was thus conceived and applied in patients with septic shock, showing an improvements in hemodynamics with decreased vasopressor requirements and improved survival in patients admitted after a cardiac arrest. The main benefit described with high volume hemofiltration is a hemodynamic improvement (e.g reduction in catecholamines' requirement). This improvement seems to be due to the removal of a badly defined network of middle molecular weight peptides. To remove efficiently these middle molecular peptides, a high filtration rate is needed. However, with high filtration rates, there is also a high clearance for smaller molecules, including antibiotics, electrolytes, vitamins, trace elements and amino acids. The cascade hemofiltration system has been designed for a more efficient removal of middle molecular weight peptides with a limited solute consumption. The goal of this study is the evaluation of the hemodynamic improvement using cascade hemofiltration in patients treated for septic shock.