nContactSurgical Numeris-AF Tethered Coagulation System for Treatment of Persistent & LSP AF

Inclusion Criteria: * Age \> 18 years; \< 80 years * Left atrium =\< 6.0 cm * Documented persistent or longstanding persistent AF * History of AF =\< 10 years * Scheduled for a concomitant cardiac procedure * Coronary bypass surgery (CABG) * Mitral valve repair/replacement * Aortic valve replacement * ASD repair * Tricuspid valve repair/replacement * Myxoma * Any combination of the above procedures * Provided written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Left atrial size \> 6.0 cm (pre-op TTE - parasternal 4 chamber view) * History of AF \> 10 years * Left ventricular ejection fraction \< 30% * Pregnant or planning to become pregnant during study * Co-morbid medical conditions that limit one year life expectancy * History of coagulopathy * Patients who are contraindicated for anticoagulants(heparin, warfarin etc.) * Previous cardiac surgery * History of pericarditis * Previous cerebrovascular accident (CVA) * Patients who have active infection or sepsis * Patients who have uncorrected reversible cause(s) of AF such as hyperthyroidism and electrolyte imbalance * Patients who are being treated for ventricular arrhythmias * Patients who have had a previous catheter ablation for AF (does not include ablation for Aflutter) * Current participation in another clinical investigation of a medical device or a drug, or recent participation in such a study within 30 days prior to study enrollment. * Not competent to legally represent him or herself (e.g., requires a guardian or caretaker as a legal representative).