Nutrigenomics of Zinc Supplementation in Insulin Secretion and Diabetes

Inclusion Criteria: * aged 21-70 years * Amish decent * genotyping of rs13266634 of SLC30A8 gene * previously consented to contact for future studies and future use of DNA Exclusion Criteria: * Subject is a first-degree relative of another subject with the same SLC30A8 genotype * diabetes mellitus (by history, treatment or random BG\>200 mg;dl) * gastrointestinal disease causing nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea including inflammatory bowel disease by history. * rheumatoid arthritis by history * albumin \< 3.5 g/dL * hemochromatosis by history * hematocrit \<34% * liver disease by history * alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase greater than 2.5 times normal * renal failure by history * estimated glomerular filtration rate \< 60 mL/min by MDRD equation * use of thiazide diuretic and unwilling to discontinue if deemed safe in the opinion of the treating physician and study physician for 1 week prior to protocol initiation * use of systemic corticosteroid and unwilling to discontinue if deemed safe in the opinion of the treating physician and study physician for 1 week prior to protocol initiation * use of highly-active antiretroviral medications * use of antipsychotic medications * use of quinolone antibiotics * use of tetracycline antibiotic and unwilling to discontinue if deemed safe in the opinion of the treating physician and study physician for 1 week prior to protocol initiation * use of chelation therapy in the past month * unwilling to withdraw from supplements for 1 week prior to the study and throughout study * abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level * serious disease precluding participation * reported pregnancy or positive urine hCG test * cancer diagnosis in past 2 years * breastfeeding * use of denture adhesive