A Study to Assess the Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination Programme on the Carriage of Pneumococci

Inclusion Criteria: * Born in a cohort eligible for routine or catch up pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (i.e. date of birth since 4th September 2004) or a family member where a child is eligible and has been enrolled * Written informed consent given by the subject's parent/ legal guardian as well as assent from the child after the nature of the study has been explained to them or * Written informed consent given by the subject after the nature of the study has been explained to them Exclusion Criteria: * Moderate to severe disability. * Cerebral palsy, syndromes and neurological disorders affecting swallowing. * Ear Nose and Throat disorders affecting the anatomy of the ear,i.e.malformed ears. * Confirmed or suspected immunodeficiency (congenital or acquired). * On immunosuppressive therapy.