The Effects of Gum Chewing on Energy Intake and Expenditure

Inclusion Criteria: * BMI 27-37, between the ages of 18 and 38 Exclusion Criteria: * History of chronic disease (e.g. liver, kidney, or heart disease, or diabetes) * Medications that affect energy expenditure, appetite, or body composition (e.g. antidepressants, beta blockers, antipsychotic, or weight loss medications) * A history of irregular menstrual cycles in women (indication of onset of menopause or other metabolic disturbances such as polycystic ovary syndrome) * A history of phenylketonuria (PKU) * Symptoms of depression * A history of eating disorders * Concurrent participation in a weight loss program * Cigarette smoking or other tobacco use * Jaw problems such as temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ) * Allergies to any of the common components in gum (sweeteners, mint flavors, etc) * Heavy gum chewing prior to study ( \> 3 times per week) * Pregnancy or lactation.