Prospective Controlled Trial on Surgical Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Patients With BMI 25-30 by Means of Biliopancreatic Diversion

Inclusion Criteria: * age: 35-70 years * diabetes duration: \>5 years * documented poor glycemic control (HbA1c =\>8% despite medical treatment according to GCP) * presence of comorbidities or complications (e.g. dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, neuropathy, retinopathy, CVD, previous stroke or TIA, lower limb amputation) * availability to comply with the entire follow-up Exclusion Criteria: * general contraindications to BPD (applies also to medical controls) * presence of anti-islet or anti-GAD antibodies or plasma C-peptide concentration \<0.5 mcg/L * blindness * severe concomitant medical conditions (e.g. liver cirrhosis, renal failure, collagen diseases, severe endocrinopathies) * heart failure * recent history (less than 12 months) of myocardial infarction, stroke or TIA * unstable angina * pregnancy * previous or concomitant malignancy * severe active inflammatory, neurologic, or cardiovascular conditions * geographic inaccessibility * any condition which, in the opinion of the Principal Investigator, may make risky the participation in the study or bias the results