Prophylaxis Against Metoclopramide-Induced Akathisia

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients 18 through 65 years of age and 50-90 kg of weight who presented to the ED with primary or secondary complaints of nausea and/or moderate to severe vascular type headache were eligible for this study. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients who had liver and renal insufficiency * Electrolyte imbalance * Acute respiratory symptoms * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease * Blood pressure less than 90/60 mmHg * Uncooperative individuals * Pregnant or lactating * Pre-existing motor disorder * Restless legs syndrome-parkinson's disease * Organic brain disorder, (dementia etc.), epilepsy * Admitted to the ED due to acute psychiatric symptoms * Deprived mental status * Advanced hearing loss * Malnutrition * Acute asthma attack * Serious physical illness, especially glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, or cardiac disease * Had a contraindication to anticholinergic medications * Within 3 days of study entry patients who had taken an antiemetic antihistaminic, antipsychotic, antispasmodic, alpha-blocker, or Ca++2-channel blocker, or within 2 weeks of study entry patients who had taken an antidepressant, barbiturate, benzodiazepine, other sedative/hypnotic, opioid, lithium, or illicit sympathomimetic agent were excluded