Open-Label Phase 2 Efficacy Trial of Cancer Macrobeads in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Pancreatic/Colorectal Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, colon or rectum. * Radiographic evidence of metastatic cancer of the colon or rectum. * Pancreatic cancer that is unresectable or already metastatic, or colorectal cancer that has failed available approved treatment modalities. * For pancreatic cancer patients, prior chemotherapy is not required; for colon and rectal cancer patients must have failed available chemotherapy/targeted regimens. There were no limits to the number of prior chemotherapeutic regimens. * The patient had evidence of progressive disease defined as at least one of the following: 1. Progressive measurable disease using conventional solid tumor criteria. 2. Increasing tumor markers and/or activity on positron emission tomography / standard uptake value (PET/SUV) measurement. * All clinically significant toxic effects (excluding alopecia) of prior surgery, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy were resolved to ≤ Grade 1 based on the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 3.0 (NCI CTCAE v.3.0) with the exception of neuropathy, which was resolved to ≤ Grade 2. * Performance status (ECOG PS) 0-2. * Adequate hematologic function, minimum requirements: 1. absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1500/mL 2. hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL 3. platelets ≥ 100,000/mL * Adequate hepatic function, defined as follows: 1. bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) 2. aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) ≤ 3 times the ULN, or ≤ 5 times the ULN if liver metastases are present * Adequate renal function, defined as serum creatinine ≤ 2.0 mg/dL. * Adequate coagulation function, defined as follows: 1. an international normalized ratio (INR) ≤ 1.5 2. a partial thromboplastin time (PTT) ≤ 5 seconds above the ULN, unless on anti-coagulant therapy 3. patients receiving full-dose anticoagulation therapy were eligible provided they met all other criteria, were on a stable dose or anticoagulant therapy or low molecular weight heparin (and if on warfarin had a therapeutic INR between 2-3) * Life expectancy of at least 6 weeks. * For females of childbearing potential, a negative pregnancy test. * Agrees to contraceptive use (barrier method) while on study, if sexually active. * Provided signed informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Any condition presenting an unacceptably high anesthetic or surgical risk, based on current anesthesia/general surgery standards. * Positive test for HIV, hepatitis B, C, or E. * Cognitive impairment such as to preclude informed consent. * Hypersensitivity reaction that, in the opinion of the investigators posed an increased risk of an allergy to the macrobeads, particularly any known allergy to murine antigens or body tissues. * Surgical treatment or chemotherapy within three weeks of scheduled macrobead implantation or within four weeks of bevacizumab (or similar drugs), or radiation therapy within four weeks of scheduled macrobead implantation. * Investigational medication(s)/therapies for respective tumor within one month of baseline evaluation. * Inadequate hematologic function, defined as follows: 1. ANC \< 1500/mL 2. hemoglobin \< 9 g/dL 3. platelets \< 100,000/mL * Inadequate hepatic function, defined as follows: 1. bilirubin \> 1.5 times the ULN 2. AST and ALT \> 3 times the ULN or \> 5 times the ULN, if liver metastases present * Inadequate renal function, defined as serum creatinine \> 2.0 mg/dL. * Inadequate coagulation function, defined as follows: 1. INR \> 1.5 2. PTT \> 5 seconds (unless on anti-coagulant therapy) * Hepatic blood flow abnormalities, portal vein hypertension and thrombosis, and/or large-volume ascites. * Concurrent cancer of any other type except skin cancer (excluding melanoma). * Ongoing or active infection, congestive heart failure, unstable angina, serious cardiac arrhythmias, psychiatric illness, difficult social situations not permitting reliable participation, active bleeding. * As a result of the medical history, examination, or blood testing, the investigator considers the patient unfit for the study.