Efficacy of 1072nm Infrared Stimulation on Executive Functioning in Dementia

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged between 50 - 85 years. * Have established cognitive impairment, Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score between 15- 25 (from a possible score of 30). * Generally healthy otherwise as indicated by recent physical examination. * Have a caregiver/informant who has cared for the patient at least 5 days a week and is willing to attend study visits and provide information about the patient. * If taking any psychotropic medication should have been stable for the previous 3 months. * Must have had B12, folic acid, full blood count and ferritin screen within the previous 6 months or be on B12 and/or folic acid replacement. Exclusion Criteria: * Uncontrolled or unstable chronic illness, e.g., hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). * Diagnosed actively growing intracranial pathology (tumors etc). * An associated psychotic illness. * Misusing illegal substances or alcohol. * On regular systemic steroids or anti-metabolites. * Systemic malignancies and/or space occupying lesions in the brain. * Not fluent in English. * Depressed as assessed by Beck Depression Inventory score. * Epilepsy. * Lacking the capacity to give informed consent. * Previous history of stroke or heart attack. * History of aggression or violence. * Inability to travel to the research venue for multiple assessments. * A history of major psychiatric illness, seizure disorder, or physical illness that would compromise their participation in a daily treatment regimen. * A participant may be disqualified if their performance is above the normative mean or below the lowest interpretable score of neuropsychological tests provided during the initial assessment (see #6, Sources of research material obtained from study participants, below).