Treosulfan Based Conditioning Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) according to WHO classification (\> 20% myeloblasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow at initial diagnosis) with \< 5% myeloblast in the bone marrow, indicated for allogeneic transplantation * Availability of an HLA-identical sibling donor (MRD) or HLA-identical unrelated donor (MUD) HLA-identity defined by the following markers: A, B, DRB1, DQB1. * Target graft size (unmanipulated) * bone marrow: 2 - 10 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg BW recipient or \> 2 x 108 nucleated cells/kg BW recipient or * peripheral blood: 4 - 10 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg BW recipient * Age \> 18 and \< 60 years * Karnofsky Index \> 80 % * Adequate contraception in female patients of child-bearing potential * Written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Therapy related secondary AML * AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22) in CR1 * Acute promyelocytic leukaemia with t(15;17)(q22;q12) in CR1 * Secondary malignancies * Previous allogeneic transplantation * Severe concomitant illnesses / medical conditions (e.g. impaired respiratory and/or cardiac function) * Known and manifested malignant involvement of the CNS * Active infectious disease * HIV- positivity or active hepatitis infection * Impaired liver function (Bilirubin \> upper normal limit; Transaminases \> 3.0 x upper normal limit) * Impaired renal function (Creatinine-clearance \< 60 ml/min; Serum Creatinine \> 1.5 x upper normal limit). * Pleural effusion or ascites \> 1.0 L * Pregnancy or lactation * Known hypersensitivity to treosulfan and/or fludarabine * Participation in another experimental drug trial within 4 weeks before day -6 * Non-co-operative behaviour or non-compliance * Psychiatric diseases or conditions that might impair the ability to give informed consent