Impact of Treatment With Rituximab on the Progression of Humoral Acute Rejection After Renal Transplantation

Inclusion Criteria: * Patient adult male or female (age 18 years), kidney transplantation for less than one year (transplant from a living donor or deceased), with acute humoral rejection defined by : * The deterioration of renal function assessed by serum creatinine increase of more than 20% compared to the best value, OR * In the first 28 days after transplantation, no significant creatinine decrease, AND * At least 2 of the 3 following criteria: * tissue damage such as (a) acute tubular necrosis, (b) presence of monocytes or granulocytes in the CPT and / or glomeruli and / or capillary thrombosis, (c) intimal arteritis / fibrinoid necrosis * C4d level of CPT and / or presence of Ig or complement in lesions of fibrinoid necrosis * Presence of HLA antibodies directed against the donor. Patient having given his written consent to participate in the clinical trial. Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant or lactating * Women during their reproductive years without effective contraception, * A patient with multiple organ transplants, * Patients with clinically active infection by HCV uncontrolled * Patients with active infection, or suspected of infection by HIV or HBV, and tuberculosis, * Patients with heart failure class IV (NYHA) cardiac disease or uncontrolled * Patients for whom vaccination is scheduled, * Patient with disabilities did not allow an understanding of the requirements of the test * Patient in safeguarding justice, guardianship or trusteeship, * Patient with cons-indication to rituximab (known hypersensitivity to any component or murine protein) * Patient had previously received rituximab within 3 months before inclusion * Patient participation in another clinical trial