Bioavailability and Vascular Effects of Apple Polyphenols

Inclusion Criteria: * Men and women aged 45-70 years Exclusion Criteria: * Smokers (or have quit smoking less than 1 year ago) * Regular prescribed medication (excluding some eye and skin medication that is judged not to affect study outcome) * Non-prescribed medication that may affect the study data, e.g. aspirin. The use of non prescribed medications will be assessed on an individual basis. * Dietary supplements or herbal remedies which may affect the study data unless the volunteer is willing to discontinue them for 1 month prior to starting study. (Please note that some supplements may not affect the study and this will be assessed on an individual basis). * Gastro-intestinal diseases (excluding hiatus hernia unless symptomatic or study intervention/procedure is contra-indicated). * Diabetics * Known cardiovascular disease * Asthmatics (unless no medication taken for 1 year) * Lactose Intolerance * Pregnancy or have been pregnant within the last 12 months * Parallel participation in another research project which involves dietary intervention * Participation in another research project which has involved blood sampling within the last four months unless the total amount of combined blood from both studies does not exceed 470 mls. * Has donated or intends to donate blood within 16 weeks prior to or during the study period. * Depressed or elevated blood pressure measurements (\<90/50 or 95/55 if symptomatic or \>160/100) * Any person related to or living with any member of the study team * Results of the clinical screening which indicate or are judged by the HNU Medical Advisor to be indicative of a health problem which could compromise the well-being of the volunteer if they participated or which could affect the study data. * Alcohol consumption \> approximately 20 g alcohol/day (2.5 units/day) * BMI \<19.5 or \> 35