Breast-Conserving Surgery Followed by Radiation Therapy With MRI-Detected Stage I or Stage II Breast Cancer

Case Comprehensive Cancer Center

Overview

RATIONALE: Breast-conserving surgery is a less invasive type of surgery for breast cancer and may have fewer side effects and improve recovery. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells. Giving radiation therapy after surgery may kill any tumor cells that remain after surgery. PURPOSE: This phase II clinical trial is studying how well breast-conserving surgery followed by radiation therapy works in treating patients with stage I or stage II breast cancer.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence rates as well as tumor bed recurrence rates. Patients will be followed for a period of five years following completion of radiation to determine these rates. II. To determine the cosmetic outcome resulting from breast conserving surgery and breast radiation. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine if there are patient factors which limit a patient's suitability to receive breast conserving therapy in the setting of multi-centric disease. II. To determine patient satisfaction of breast conserving therapy as it pertains to their overall treatment experience as measured by a questionnaire. III. To evaluate wound healing and overall complication rate after radiation as a component of breast conserving therapy. OUTLINE: Patients undergo breast-conserving surgery consisting of partial mastectomies followed by external beam breast radiation therapy 5 days a week for 5 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed at 1 month, then every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year, and then annually for 5 years.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Conditions

Ductal Breast Carcinoma in Situ

Interventions

external beam radiation therapyRADIATION

External beam breast radiation therapy 5 days a week for 5 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

questionnaire administrationOTHER

Ancillary studies: The patient will complete the Cosmesis /QOL form (Appendix II) and the treating physician will complete the Cosmetic Guidelines (skin assessment) form for baseline data (Appendix I).

therapeutic conventional surgeryPROCEDURE

Patients will undergo excisional biopsy or needle localization removal of the tumor. Patients with margins \< 2 mm undergo re-excision of the biopsy cavity. Surgical clips should be placed at the time of tylectomy to define the excision cavities. Ideally, clips are to be placed marking the superficial, deep, right, left, inferior, and superior dimensions of the tylectomy or re-excision cavities.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion * Patients with multicentric carcinoma (tumors in different quadrants of the breast or tumors separated by at least 4 cm) * All radiographically suspicious lesions must be biopsied and have histologically confirmed ductal carcinoma in-situ, invasive ductal, invasive lobular, medullary, papillary, colloid (mucinous), or tubular histologies * A maximum of two radiographically detected malignant lesions * Clinical Stage I-II breast carcinoma, with lesion size =\< 5 cm for the dominant mass and the second lesion detected only on MRI, treated with lumpectomies; the MRI detected lesion must be pathologically =\< 1 cm * Axillary lymph node evaluation, either sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary dissection as deemed appropriate by the treating surgeon for all patients with invasive cancer; no axillary lymph node sampling is needed for patients with DCIS * Negative resection margins with at least a 2 mm margin from invasive and in-situ cancer or a negative re-excision * A posterior margin =\< 2 mm from DCIS is permissible provided fascia was taken * Patients are eligible regardless of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or Her-2/neu amplification * Hormonal therapy is allowed; if adjuvant chemotherapy is planned, the chemotherapy should be delivered first and radiation must begin no earlier than three weeks and no later than eight weeks following completion of chemotherapy * Signed study-specific informed consent prior to study entry Exclusion * Extensive intraductal component by the Harvard definition (i.e., more than 25% of the invasive tumor is DCIS and DCIS present in adjacent breast tissue) * Palpable or radiographically suspicious contralateral axillary, ipsilateral or contralateral supraclavicular, infraclavicular, or internal mammary lymph nodes unless these are histologically confirmed negative * Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy * Patients with distant metastatic disease detected by radiographic imaging; specific studies for systemic imaging should be obtained as directed by localized symptoms or per available NCCN guidelines * Patients with known BRCA 1/BRCA 2 mutations or those with predicted risk of carrying the mutation by BRCAPRO (44) risk assessment \>= 50% * Diffuse calcifications throughout the breast * Patients with skin involvement or inflammatory breast cancer * Patients with Paget's disease of the nipple * Patients nonepithelial breast malignancies such as lymphoma or sarcoma * Patients with collagen vascular disorders, specifically systemic lupus erythematosis, scleroderma, or dermatomyositis * Patients with psychiatric, neurologic, or addictive disorders that would preclude obtaining informed consent * Other malignancy, except non-melanomatous skin cancer, \< 5 years prior to participation in this study * Patients who are pregnant or lactating, due to potential fetal exposure to radiation and unknown effects of radiation on lactating females

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence rates

Ipsilateral breast 6 months after diagnosis, bilateral annually for 5 years

Time frame: 5 years after completion of radiation

To determine the cosmetic outcome resulting from breast conserving surgery and breast radiation

Time frame: at 1 year after radiation

Secondary Outcomes

To determine if there are patient factors which limit a patient's suitability to receive breast conserving therapy

Time frame: 5 years after completion of radiation treatment

Patient satisfaction with the procedure as determined by a questionnaire