Study of the efficacy and safety of adalimumab compared with placebo in adult Chinese participants with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who have had an inadequate response to or who are intolerant to one or more nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Adults with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive treatment with adalimumab 40 mg every other week (eow) or matching placebo, given subcutaneously (SC), in the 12-week double-blind (DB) phase. Randomized participants received one SC injection of the appropriate DB study medication (adalimumab 40 mg or matching placebo) at Week 0 and then eow until Week 10. Participants who completed the DB phase could enter the 12-week open-label (OL) phase, during which all participants received treatment with adalimumab 40 mg eow, starting at Weeks 12 through 22. No study drug was administered or injected at the final study visit (Week 24). A follow-up visit occurred 70 days after the last dose of study drug (in DB or OL phases) to obtain information on any ongoing or new adverse events (AEs).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
344
Prefilled syringe, 40 mg/0.8 mL administered subcutaneously every other week
Prefilled syringe, matching placebo administered subcutaneously every other week
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 24054
Hefei, AN, China
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 25522
Beijing, China
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 24055
Beijing, China
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 24052
Beijing, China
Number of Participants Meeting the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) ASAS20 Response Criteria
ASAS20 responder had improvement of 20% or more and absolute improvement of at least 10 units (on a scale of 0 \[least\] to 100 \[worst\]) from Baseline in at least 3 of the following 4 domains, with absence of deterioration (change for worse of at least 20% and net worsening of at least 10 units) in the potential remaining domain: Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity; Total Back Pain visual analog scale (VAS); Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI); and Inflammation (mean of 2 morning stiffness-related Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index \[BASDAI\] scores).
Time frame: Week 12
Number of Participants Meeting the ASAS20 Response Criteria
ASAS20 responder had improvement of 20% or more and absolute improvement of at least 10 units (on a scale of 0 \[least\] to 100 \[worst\]) from Baseline in at least 3 of the following 4 domains, with absence of deterioration (change for worse of at least 20% and net worsening of at least 10 units) in the potential remaining domain: Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity; Total Back Pain visual analog scale (VAS); Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI); and Inflammation (mean of 2 morning stiffness-related Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index \[BASDAI\] scores).
Time frame: Week 24
Number of Participants Meeting the ASAS40 Response Criteria
An ASAS40 responder had improvement of 40% or more and absolute improvement of 20 units or more (on a scale of 0 \[least\] to 100 \[worst\]) from Baseline in at least 3 of the 4 domains identified above for the ASAS20. In addition, there must have been an absence of deterioration in the potential remaining domain, where deterioration was defined as a net worsening of greater than 0 units (on a scale of 0 to 100).
Time frame: Week 12
Number of Participants Meeting the ASAS40 Response Criteria
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Site Reference ID/Investigator# 24056
Guangzhou, China
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 24243
Hangzhou, China
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 24053
Shanghai, China
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 24058
Shanghai, China
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 24057
Xi'an, China
An ASAS40 responder had improvement of 40% or more and absolute improvement of 20 units or more (on a scale of 0 \[least\] to 100 \[worst\]) from Baseline in at least 3 of the 4 domains identified above for the ASAS20. In addition, there must have been an absence of deterioration in the potential remaining domain, where deterioration was defined as a net worsening of greater than 0 units (on a scale of 0 to 100).
Time frame: Week 24
Number of Participants Meeting the ASAS5/6 Response Criteria
An ASAS5/6 responder had an improvement from Baseline of 20% or more in 5 of the following 6 domains: Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity; pain as measured by the Total Back Pain visual analog scale (VAS); function as measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI); inflammation (mean of 2 morning stiffness-related Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index \[BASDAI\] scores); spinal mobility (lateral lumbar flexion from Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index \[BASMI\]); and acute phase reactant (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein).
Time frame: Week 12
Number of Participants Meeting the ASAS5/6 Response Criteria
An ASAS5/6 responder had an improvement from Baseline of 20% or more in 5 of the following 6 domains: Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity; pain as measured by the Total Back Pain visual analog scale (VAS); function as measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI); inflammation (mean of 2 morning stiffness-related Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index \[BASDAI\] scores); spinal mobility (lateral lumbar flexion from Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index \[BASMI\]); and acute phase reactant (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein).
Time frame: Week 24
Number of Participants With ASAS Partial Remission
Participants were classified as having achieved ASAS partial remission if they had a value of less than 20 on a scale from 0 (normal/none) to 100 (most severe) in each of 4 domains: Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity; pain as measured by the Total Back Pain visual analog scale (VAS); function as measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI); and inflammation (mean of 2 morning stiffness-related Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index \[BASDAI\] scores).
Time frame: Week 12
Number of Participants With ASAS Partial Remission
Participants were classified as having achieved ASAS partial remission if they had a value of less than 20 on a scale from 0 (normal/none) to 100 (most severe) in each of 4 domains: Patient's Global Assessment of Disease Activity; pain as measured by the Total Back Pain visual analog scale (VAS); function as measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI); and inflammation (mean of 2 morning stiffness-related Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index \[BASDAI\] scores).
Time frame: Week 24
Change From Baseline in Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity
Participants assessed their disease activity during the preceding week using a 100 millimeter (mm) visual analog scale, with responses ranging from no activity (0) to severe activity (100).
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Change From Baseline in Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity
Participants assessed their disease activity during the preceding week using a 100 millimeter (mm) visual analog scale, with responses ranging from no activity (0) to severe activity (100).
Time frame: Baseline and Week 24
Change From Baseline in Total Back Pain Score
Participants assessed their total back pain within the preceding week using a total back pain 100 mm visual analog scale, with responses ranging from no pain (0) to most severe pain (100).
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Change From Baseline in Total Back Pain Score
Participants assessed their total back pain within the preceding week using a total back pain 100 mm visual analog scale, with responses ranging from no pain (0) to most severe pain (100).
Time frame: Baseline and Week 24
Change From Baseline in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) Score
Participants assessed their ability to perform 10 selected activities (e.g., putting on socks or tights without help or aids, bending forward from the waist to pick up a pen from the floor without an aid) during the preceding week. Responses ranged from 0 (easy) to 100 (impossible). The BASFI score is the average of the 10 responses and has a possible minimum value of 0 and a possible maximum value of 100.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Change From Baseline in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) Score
Participants assessed their ability to perform 10 selected activities (e.g., putting on socks or tights without help or aids, bending forward from the waist to pick up a pen from the floor without an aid) during the preceding week. Responses ranged from 0 (easy) to 100 (impossible). The BASFI score is the average of the 10 responses and has a possible minimum value of 0 and a possible maximum value of 100.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 24
Change From Baseline in Inflammation Score
The Inflammation score is the mean of the 10-cm visual analog scale scores from the 2 morning stiffness-related BASDAI questions: "How would you describe the overall level of morning stiffness you have had from the time you wake up?", with response ranging from none to very severe; and "How long does your morning stiffness last from the time you wake up?", with response ranging from 0 hours to 2 or more hours.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Change From Baseline in Inflammation Score
The Inflammation score is the mean of the 10-cm visual analog scale scores from the 2 morning stiffness-related BASDAI questions: "How would you describe the overall level of morning stiffness you have had from the time you wake up?", with response ranging from none to very severe; and "How long does your morning stiffness last from the time you wake up?", with response ranging from 0 hours to 2 or more hours.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 24
Number of Participants Meeting the Bath Ankylosing Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) BASDAI50 Response Criteria
A BASDAI50 responder had at least a 50% improvement from Baseline in BASDAI score. In the BASDAI, participants use a 10-centimeter visual analog scale to answer 6 questions pertaining to symptoms experienced in the preceding week (e.g., How would you describe the overall level of fatigue/tiredness you have experienced? How long does your morning stiffness last from the time you wake up?) Responses range from "none" to "very severe" or from 0 hours to 2 or more hours for morning stiffness. The score is calculated as 0.2 (Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5/2 + Q6/2).
Time frame: Week 12
Number of Participants Meeting the Bath Ankylosing Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) BASDAI50 Response Criteria
A BASDAI50 responder had at least a 50% improvement from Baseline in BASDAI score. In the BASDAI, participants use a 10-centimeter visual analog scale to answer 6 questions pertaining to symptoms experienced in the preceding week (e.g., How would you describe the overall level of fatigue/tiredness you have experienced? How long does your morning stiffness last from the time you wake up?) Responses range from "none" to "very severe" or from 0 hours to 2 or more hours for morning stiffness. The score is calculated as 0.2 (Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5/2 + Q6/2).
Time frame: Week 24
Change From Baseline in High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (Hs-CRP)
Elevation of hs-CRP is a nonspecific marker of inflammation. Values above 5 milligrams/liter (mg/L) were considered abnormally high. Decrease in level of hs-CRP indicates reduction in inflammation.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Change From Baseline in High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (Hs-CRP)
Elevation of hs-CRP is a nonspecific marker of inflammation. Values above 5 milligrams/liter (mg/L) were considered abnormally high. Decrease in level of hs-CRP indicates reduction in inflammation.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 24
Change From Baseline in 36-item Short Form Questionnaire Version 2 (SF-36v2) Physical Component Summary Score
The SF-36 questionnaire, version 2, consists of 36 general health questions with 2 components, physical and mental. For each component, a transformed summary score is calculated using 8 sub-domains: physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health. Scores range from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate a better health state.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12
Change From Baseline in 36-item Short Form Questionnaire Version 2 (SF-36v2) Physical Component Summary Score
The SF-36 questionnaire, version 2, consists of 36 general health questions with 2 components, physical and mental. For each component, a transformed summary score is calculated using 8 sub-domains: physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health. Scores range from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate a better health state.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 24