Cilengitide and Sunitinib Malate in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Glioblastoma Multiforme

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically confirmed solid tumor or malignant glioblastoma multiforme meeting \>= 1 of the following criteria: * Disease refractory to standard therapy * No standard therapy exists * Sunitinib malate monotherapy would be appropriate management * Measurable disease is not required * Previously treated brain metastases or primary brain neoplasms allowed provided patient is not receiving concurrent corticosteroids * Karnofsky performance status 70-100% * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1,500/μL * White blood cell count (WBC) \>= 3,000/μL * Platelet count \>= 100,000/μL * Hemoglobin \>= 9 g/dL * Total bilirubin normal (unless due to documented Gilbert syndrome) * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \< 2.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) (\< 5 times ULN in the presence of liver metastases) * Creatinine normal OR creatinine clearance \>= 60 mL/min * Serum calcium =\< 12.0 mg/dL * QTc \< 500 msec * Patients with any of the following are allowed provided they have New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I-II cardiac function and undergo a baseline echocardiogram (ECHO)/multiple gated acquisition (MUGA): * History of class II heart failure and asymptomatic on treatment * Prior anthracycline exposure * Previously treated with central thoracic radiotherapy that included the heart in the radiotherapy port * Not pregnant or nursing * Negative pregnancy test * Fertile patients must use effective barrier contraception * No history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to sunitinib malate * No concurrent uncontrolled illness including, but not limited to, any of the following: * Ongoing or active infection * Symptomatic congestive heart failure * Unstable angina pectoris * Cardiac arrhythmia * Psychiatric illness and/or social situation that would limit compliance with study requirements * No pre-existing thyroid abnormality for which thyroid function cannot be maintained in the normal range with medication * No documented thrombosis (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within the past 6 months * No known coagulopathy or thrombophilia * No proven gastric or duodenal ulcer or clinically significant gastrointestinal (GI) blood loss within the past 6 weeks * No history of central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage * No life-threatening bleeding diathesis within the past 6 months * No history of serious ventricular arrhythmia (i.e., ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia \>= 3 beats in a row) or other significant electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities * No poorly controlled hypertension (i.e., systolic blood pressure (BP) \>= 150 mm Hg or diastolic BP \>= 100 mm Hg) * No condition that would impair the ability to swallow and retain sunitinib malate tablets, including any of the following: * GI tract disease resulting in an inability to take oral medications or a requirement for IV alimentation * Prior surgical procedures affecting absorption * Active peptic ulcer disease * No gastrostomy, jejunostomy, or other forms of enteral tube feeding modalities * None of the following conditions: * Serious or non-healing wound or ulcer * Abdominal fistula, GI perforation, or intra-abdominal abscess within the past 28 days * Cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack within the past 12 months * Myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmia, stable/unstable angina, symptomatic congestive heart failure, or coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft or stenting within the past 12 months * NYHA class III or IV heart failure * Radiographically or physiologically diagnosed usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP) or non-specific interstitial pneumonitis (NSIP) * No bone fracture within the past 12 months * No other concurrent anticancer agents or therapies * More than 4 weeks since prior radiotherapy or systemic antineoplastic therapy (6 weeks for nitrosoureas, mitomycin C, or bevacizumab) and recovered * More than 2 weeks since prior hormone replacement therapy or hormonal contraceptives * More than 1 month since prior surgery * At least 7 days since prior and no concurrent CYP3A4 inhibitors * At least 12 days since prior and no concurrent CYP3A4 inducers * Prior luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists for hormone-refractory prostate cancer allowed * Prior antiangiogenic agents (e.g., sorafenib, pazopanib, AZD2171 \[cediranib maleate\], PTK787 \[vatalanib\], or VEGF Trap \[ziv-aflibercept\]) allowed provided there is no disease progression * No prior cilengitide or sunitinib malate * No prior bevacizumab * No other concurrent investigational agents * No concurrent combination antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients * No concurrent agents with proarrhythmic potential (e.g., terfenadine, quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide, sotalol, probucol, bepridil, haloperidol, risperidone, indapamide, or flecainide) * No concurrent palliative radiotherapy * No other concurrent chemotherapy or biologic agents * No concurrent medications that may cause QTc prolongation * No concurrent therapeutic doses of coumarin-derivative anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) * Up to 2 mg of daily warfarin for the prophylaxis of thrombosis allowed * Low-molecular weight heparin allowed provided prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) =\< 1.5 * No concurrent grapefruit juice