Combined Cognitive Remediation and Behavioral Intervention for Treatment of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD Symptoms

Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale: ADHD symptoms will be measured using the Disruptive Behavior Disorders rating scale (DBD) administered to the child's parent and teacher. The DBD is a 45-item measure that asks parents to rate the DSM symptoms of ADHD, ODD, and CD on a four point Likert scale (i.e., Not at all, Just a little, Pretty Much, or Very Much). For this study, the average scores for DSM-IV Inattentive symptoms, DSM-IV Hyperactive-Impulsive symptoms, DSM-IV ODD symptoms, and DSM-IV CD symptoms will be used.

Time frame: 3 month follow up

Impairment

Parent and teacher ratings of problem severity and need for treatment in important functional domains will be measured using the Impairment Rating Scale (IRS). The IRS measures impairment across domains of functioning as well as overall need for treatment. Parents and teachers place an "x" on a seven-point visual analogue scale to signify their child's functioning along a continuum of impairment that ranges from zero (Not a problem at all. Definitely does not need treatment or special services.) to six (Extreme problem. Definitely needs treatment and special services).

Time frame: 3 month follow up

Academic Achievement

Wide Range Achievement Test 4 Progress Monitoring Version \[WRAT4-PMV\]is an adaptation of the WRAT4 and is specifically designed to be a reliable and efficient tool for monitoring the academic progress of students in Grades K-12 and college. A series of brief 15-item tests are offered in 4 areas of basic skills: word reading, sentence comprehension, spelling, and mathematics computation.

Time frame: 3 month follow up

ODD symptoms

Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale: ODD symptoms will be measured using the Disruptive Behavior Disorders rating scale (DBD) administered to the child's parent and teacher. The DBD is a 45-item measure that asks parents to rate the DSM symptoms of ADHD, ODD, and CD on a four point Likert scale (i.e., Not at all, Just a little, Pretty Much, or Very Much). For this study, the average scores for DSM-IV Inattentive symptoms, DSM-IV Hyperactive-Impulsive symptoms, DSM-IV ODD symptoms, and DSM-IV CD symptoms will be used.

Time frame: 3 month follow up

CD symptoms

Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale:CD symptoms will be measured using the Disruptive Behavior Disorders rating scale (DBD) administered to the child's parent and teacher. The DBD is a 45-item measure that asks parents to rate the DSM symptoms of ADHD, ODD, and CD on a four point Likert scale (i.e., Not at all, Just a little, Pretty Much, or Very Much). For this study, the average scores for DSM-IV Inattentive symptoms, DSM-IV Hyperactive-Impulsive symptoms, DSM-IV ODD symptoms, and DSM-IV CD symptoms will be used.

Time frame: 3 month follow up

Motor Activity

Solid-state actigraph: Motor activity will be recorded throughout the assessment using two solid-state actigraphs that store data on the number of movements per unit time. Actigraphs will be worn on the waist and non-dominant ankle. Assessments of activity level taken during structured test-sessions in children are reliable and yield measures that are correlated with parent and teacher ratings of hyperactivity

Time frame: 3 month follow up

Inattention

A-X Continuous Performance Test CPT214: This CPT runs on a computer and generates objective measures of inattention and impulsivity. Letters are presented individually for 200 msec., with a 1.5 sec. interstimulus interval. The child responds when he sees an "A" followed by an "X". A total of 400 letters are presented and the entire task lasts approximately 12 minutes.

Time frame: 3 month follow up

Impulsivity

A-X Continuous Performance Test CPT214: This CPT runs on a computer and generates objective measures of inattention and impulsivity. Letters are presented individually for 200 msec., with a 1.5 sec. interstimulus interval. The child responds when he sees an "A" followed by an "X". A total of 400 letters are presented and the entire task lasts approximately 12 minutes.

Time frame: 3 month follow up

Parenting Behavior

Alabama Parenting Questionnaire: The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) is a 42-item measure of parenting that asks parents to rate different domains of parenting on a five-point scale ranging from one (never) to five (always). The APQ can be divided into six scales: Involvement, Positive Parenting, Poor Monitoring/Supervision, Inconsistent Discipline, Corporal Punishment, and an Other Discipline Practices Scale.

Time frame: 3 month follow up

Parenting Stress

Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). To gather information concerning the degree of and types of stress attributed to parenting, each parent will complete the PSI-SF. The PSI-SF is a direct derivative of the full-length test and consists of a 36-item self-scoring questionnaire/profile. It yields a Total Stress score from 3 scales: Parental Distress, Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction, and Difficult Child

Time frame: 3 month follow up