Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the gene that makes the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. A specific type of mutation called a nonsense (premature stop codon) mutation is the cause of CF in approximately 10% of patients with the disease. Ataluren is an orally delivered investigational drug that has the potential to overcome the effects of the nonsense mutation. This study is a Phase 3 extension trial that will evaluate the long-term safety of ataluren in adult and pediatric participants with nonsense mutation CF (nmCF), as determined by adverse events and laboratory abnormalities. The study will also assess changes in pulmonary function, CF pulmonary exacerbations, health-related quality of life, antibiotic use for CF-related infections, CF-related disruptions to daily living, body weight, and CF pathophysiology. Funding source for this study is the FDA OOPD.
This Phase 3, open-label, safety and efficacy study will be performed at sites in North America, Europe, and Israel. The study will enroll up to approximately 208 participants with nmCF who participated in a previous Phase 3 study of ataluren (PTC124-GD-009-CF \[Study 009\], NCT00803205). Participants will receive study drug 3 times per day (TID) (at breakfast, lunch, and dinner) for approximately 48 weeks (approximately 1 year). Study assessments will be performed at clinic visits every 8 weeks.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
191
Ataluren will be provided as a vanilla-flavored powder to be mixed with water or milk.
University of Alabama-Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Miller Children's Hospital Long Beach
Long Beach, California, United States
Lucile Packard Children's Hospital
Palo Alto, California, United States
The Children's Hospital
Aurora, Colorado, United States
University of Miami
Miami, Florida, United States
Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
A TEAE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship that occurred or worsened in the period extending from the first dose of study drug to 6 weeks after the last dose of study drug. A serious adverse event (SAE) was an adverse event (AE) resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. AEs included both SAEs and non-serious AEs. AE severity was graded as follows: Grade 1: mild; Grade 2: moderate; Grade 3: severe; Grade 4: life-threatening; Grade 5: fatal. A TEAE was considered related if in the opinion of the Investigator it was possibly or probably caused by the study drug. A summary of other non-serious AEs and all SAEs, regardless of causality is located in the Adverse Events module.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]) up to 4 Weeks Post-Treatment (Week 100 [Total Study Week 148]) or Premature Discontinuation (PD) (whichever occurred first)
Number of Participants With Any Treatment-Emergent Laboratory Abnormality (TELA)
A TELA is any abnormal laboratory value that started or worsened after administration of study drug. Abnormal values were defined as values outside normal range. Values considered abnormal included -Hepatic: Serum total bilirubin ≥1.5\*upper limit of normal (ULN); serum gamma glutamyl transferase \>2.5\*ULN; serum alanine aminotransferase increase of \>150 units/liter (U/L) without increased creatine kinase; -Adrenal: plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone \>ULN (normal cortisol); -Renal: serum cystatin C \>1.33 milligrams (mg)/L; serum creatinine \>ULN-1.5\*ULN for age; serum blood urea nitrogen ≥1.5\*ULN; urine protein:creatinine \>0.40 mg/deciliter (dL):mg/dL; urine protein:osmolality \>0.30 mg/L:milliosmoles/kilogram; urine blood 2+; - Serum Electrolytes: serum sodium \>150 millimoles (mmol)/L, \<130 mmol/L; serum potassium \>5.5, \<3.0 mmol/L; serum magnesium \>1.23 mmol/L, \<0.5 mmol/L; total serum calcium \>2.9 mmol/L, \<2.0 mmol/L; serum phosphorous \<0.8 mmol/L; serum biocarbonate- \<16 mmol/L.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]) up to 4 Weeks Post-Treatment (Week 100 [Total Study Week 148]) or PD (whichever occurred first)
Percentage of Predicted Function (Percent-Predicted) of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) at Baseline
Spirometry was used to assess pulmonary function by measuring the percent-predicted, which was determined on the basis of the height value obtained at the same study visit, for FEV1 (the amount of air that can be exhaled in 1 second). Spirometry was validated by using current guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS). Baseline was defined as Week 1 or the most recent value of percent-predicted FEV1 prior to the first dose of open-label treatment in Study 009e.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48])
Percentage Change From Baseline in Percent-Predicted of FEV1 at Weeks 48 and 96
Spirometry was used to assess pulmonary function by measuring the percent-predicted, which was determined on the basis of the height value obtained at the same study visit, for FEV1 (the amount of air that can be exhaled in 1 second). Spirometry was validated by using current guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS). The percentage of change in percent-predicted of FEV1 was calculated as follows: ((percent-predicted FEV1-Baseline percent-predicted FEV1)/Baseline percent-predicted FEV1)\*100. Baseline was defined as Week 1 or the most recent value of percent-predicted FEV1 prior to the first dose of open-label treatment in Study 009e. A positive change from Baseline indicates that FEV1 improved.
Time frame: Week 48 (Total Study Week 96), End of Treatment (EOT) (Week 96 [Total Study Week 144])
Percent-Predicted of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) at Baseline
Spirometry was used to assess pulmonary function by measuring the percent-predicted, which was determined on the basis of the height value obtained at the same study visit, for FVC (the amount of air that can be exhaled after taking a deep breath). Spirometry was validated by using current guidelines of the ATS and ERS. Baseline was defined as Week 1 or the most recent value of percent-predicted FVC prior to the first dose of open-label treatment in Study 009e.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48])
Percentage Change From Baseline in Percent-Predicted of FVC at Weeks 48 and 96
Spirometry was used to assess pulmonary function by measuring the percent-predicted, which was determined on the basis of the height value obtained at the same study visit, for FVC (the amount of air that can be exhaled after taking a deep breath). Spirometry was validated by using current guidelines of the ATS and ERS. The percentage of change in percent-predicted of FVC was calculated as follows: ((percent-predicted FVC-Baseline percent-predicted FVC)/Baseline percent-predicted FVC)\*100. Baseline was defined as Week 1 or the most recent value of percent-predicted FVC prior to the first dose of open-label treatment in Study 009e. A positive change from Baseline indicates that FVC improved.
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Emory University Cystic Fibrosis Center
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Children's Memorial Hospital
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Johns Hopkins Children's Center
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Children's Hospital Boston
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Washington University
St Louis, Missouri, United States
...and 21 more locations
Time frame: Week 48 (Total Study Week 96), EOT (Week 96 [Total Study Week 144])
Percent-Predicted of Forced Expiratory Flow Between 25% and 75% of Expiration (FEF25-75) at Baseline
Spirometry was used to assess pulmonary function by measuring the percent-predicted, which was determined on the basis of the height value obtained at the same study visit, for FEF25-75 (the rate of air flow during the middle part of an exhalation). Spirometry was validated by using current guidelines of the ATS and ERS. Baseline was defined as Week 1 or the most recent value of percent-predicted FEF25-75 prior to the first dose of open-label treatment in Study 009e.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48])
Percentage Change From Baseline in Percent-Predicted of FEF25-75 at Weeks 48 and 96
Spirometry was used to assess pulmonary function by measuring the percent-predicted, which was determined on the basis of the height value obtained at the same study visit, for FEF25-75 (the rate of air flow during the middle part of an exhalation). Spirometry was validated by using current guidelines of the ATS and ERS. The percentage of change in percent-predicted of FEF25-75 was calculated as follows: ((percent-predicted FEF25-75-Baseline percent-predicted FEF25-75)/Baseline percent-predicted FEF25-75)\*100. Baseline was defined as Week 1 or the most recent value of percent-predicted FEF25-75 prior to the first dose of open-label treatment in Study 009e. A positive change from Baseline indicates that FEF25-75 improved.
Time frame: Week 48 (Total Study Week 96), EOT (Week 96 [Total Study Week 144])
Number of Participants With Pulmonary Exacerbations as Defined by Modified Fuch's Criteria
A Respiratory Event Form (REF), which collected data on various signs, symptoms, and effects for each event, was completed by the Investigator when informed by the participant of a respiratory event. Pulmonary exacerbations were assessed by using the modified Fuchs' criteria, which defines an exacerbation as a respiratory event requiring treatment with parenteral antibiotics for any 4 of the following 12 symptoms with or without intravenous (IV) antibiotics: change in sputum; new or increased hemoptysis; increased cough; increased dyspnea; fatigue; temperature \>38°C; anorexia; sinus pain; change in sinus discharge; change in physical examination of the chest; or decrease in pulmonary function by 10% or more from a previously recorded value; or radiographic changes indicative of pulmonary function.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]) up to Week 48 and EOT (Week 96) (Total Study Weeks 96 and 144)
Rate of Pulmonary Exacerbations as Defined by Modified Fuch's Criteria Over 48 Weeks
A REF, which collected data on various signs, symptoms, and effects for each event, was completed by the Investigator when informed by the participant of a respiratory event. Pulmonary function was assessed by using the modified Fuchs' criteria, which defines an exacerbation as a respiratory event requiring treatment with parenteral antibiotics for any 4 of the following 12 symptoms with or without treatment with IV antibiotics: change in sputum; new or increased hemoptysis; increased cough; increased dyspnea; fatigue; temperature \>38°C; anorexia; sinus pain; change in sinus discharge; change in physical examination of the chest; decrease in pulmonary function by 10% or more from a previously recorded value; or radiographic changes indicative of pulmonary function. The 48-week exacerbation rate was determined by adding the weekly rates for each arm for each 48-week period and dividing the sum by 48.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]) up to Week 48 (Total Study Week 96)
Duration of Pulmonary Exacerbations as Defined by Modified Fuch's Criteria
A REF, which collected data on various signs, symptoms, and effects for each event, was completed by the Investigator when informed by the participant of a respiratory event. Pulmonary function was assessed by using the modified Fuchs' criteria, which defines an exacerbation as a respiratory event requiring treatment with parenteral antibiotics for any 4 of the following 12 symptoms with or without treatment with IV antibiotics: change in sputum; new or increased hemoptysis; increased cough; increased dyspnea; fatigue; temperature \>38°C; anorexia; sinus pain; change in sinus discharge; change in physical examination of the chest; decrease in pulmonary function by 10% or more from a previously recorded value; or radiographic changes indicative of pulmonary function. Duration over a 5-week interval is presented. The duration was calculated as follows: estimated date of return to a stable state (as determined by the Investigator) - estimated date of onset of symptoms.
Time frame: Weeks 43 up to 48 and Weeks 91 up to 96 (Total Study Weeks 91 up to 96 and Weeks 139 up to 144)
Number of Participants With Severe Pulmonary Exacerbations as Defined by Modified Fuch's Criteria
A REF, which collected data on various signs, symptoms, and effects for each event, was completed by the Investigator when informed by the participant of a respiratory event. Pulmonary function was assessed by using the modified Fuchs' criteria, which defines an exacerbation as a respiratory event requiring treatment with parenteral antibiotics for any 4 of the following 12 symptoms with or without treatment with IV antibiotics: change in sputum; new or increased hemoptysis; increased cough; increased dyspnea; fatigue; temperature \>38°C; anorexia; sinus pain; change in sinus discharge; change in physical examination of the chest; decrease in pulmonary function by 10% or more from a previously recorded value; or radiographic changes indicative of pulmonary function. Severity of pulmonary exacerbations over a 5-week interval is presented. The severity of pulmonary exacerbations were graded as mild, moderate, or severe.
Time frame: Weeks 43 up to 48 and Weeks 91 up to 96 (Total Study Weeks 91 up to 96 and Weeks 139 up to 144)
Change From Baseline for the Respiratory Domain Score of the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) at Weeks 48 and 96
The CFQ-R consists of 44 items, including generic scales of physical functioning, role functioning, vitality, health perceptions, emotional functioning, and social functioning, and CF-specific scales of respiratory and digestive symptoms, body image, eating disturbances, and treatment burden. Questions are scored on a scale from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating better quality of life (QOL). For some questions, the scale was reversed, so that 1 indicated better QOL. Domain scores were linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale, so that higher scores indicate better QOL. Domain scores were calculated by using the following formula: 100 \* (sum of responses - minimum possible sum)/ (maximum possible sum - minimum possible sum). The minimum possible sum = number of questions \* 1; the maximum possible = the number of questions \* 4. Baseline was Week 1. A negative change from Baseline indicates that health has worsened. Participants may have switched age groups during the study.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]), Week 48 (Total Study Week 96), EOT (Week 96 [Total Study Week 144])
Rate of Study Drug Compliance
The rate of compliance was defined as the number of actual doses taken divided by the number of planned doses \* 100. Participant-reported data were obtained from the participant's compliance log, which was completed by the participant or the caregiver. The participant or caregiver reported how many doses were taken. Compliance by drug accountability was determined by counting used and unused study drug sachets. All calculations were based on the records of the first dose date to the last dose date.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]) up to EOT (Week 96 [Total Study Week 144])
Predose Concentration of Ataluren
Blood samples were drawn immediately before administration of the first daily dose (dose taken with breakfast) of ataluren. Whenever possible, the predose sample was to be obtained within 15 minutes of study ataluren administration.
Time frame: Predose at Weeks 1, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80 and EOT (Week 96) (Total Study Weeks 48, 64, 80 96, 112, 128, and 144, respectively)
Number of Participants Who Required Interventions for Pulmonary Symptoms
During treatment, any interventions including hospitalization or use of oral, inhaled, or IV antibiotics was documented if it was due to an exacerbation-like episode. A summary of other non-serious AEs and all SAEs, regardless of causality is located in the Adverse Events module.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]) up to EOT (Week 96 [Total Study Week 144])
Number of Participants With Disruptions in Activities of Daily Living Because of Pulmonary Symptoms
During treatment, participants reported when they missed school or work because of pulmonary symptoms. A summary of other non-serious AEs and all SAEs, regardless of causality is located in the Adverse Events module.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]) up to EOT (Week 96 [Total Study Week 144])
Duration of Disruptions in Activities of Daily Living Because of Pulmonary Symptoms
During treatment, participants reported when they missed school or work because of pulmonary symptoms. If Event Date was before Day 1 (Baseline) Date, Study Day = Event Date - First Dose Date. If Event Date was on or after Day 1 Date, Study Day = Event Date - First Dose Date + 1. The Duration = Return to Stable Date - Onset Date. Participants with a respiratory event that was ongoing when the participant was discontinued from the study were considered as not evaluable. A summary of other non-serious AEs and all SAEs, regardless of causality is located in the Adverse Events module.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]) up to EOT (Week 96 [Total Study Week 144])
Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Weeks 48 and 96
Participants were weighed, and the weight was recorded at Baseline and then every 8 weeks during the treatment period. Baseline was Week 1. A positive change from Baseline indicates that weight increased.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]), Week 48 (Total Study Week 96), EOT (Week 96 [Total Study Week 144])
Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI) at Weeks 48 and 96
Participants were weighed and measured and the weight and height were recorded at each visit. The BMI was determined by dividing the participant's weight by his or her height. Baseline was Week 1. A positive change from Baseline indicates that BMI increased.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]), Week 48 (Total Study Week 96), EOT (Week 96 [Total Study Week 144])
Total Lung Computed Tomography (CT) Score at Weeks 48 and 96
Lungs were imaged by using non-contrast, spiral CT. The administration of CT scans was discontinued for this study via a memorandum sent to all Investigators, based on the results of Study 009, which showed that this exploratory endpoint failed to discriminate active treatment from placebo over the 48-week study period. Therefore, this Outcome Measure was removed from the study as a Secondary Outcome Measure and the CT scans that were administered for this study were not reviewed or analyzed for this Outcome Measure.
Time frame: Week 48 (Total Study Week 96) and EOT (Week 96 [Total Study Week 144])
Change From Baseline in the Nasal Transepithelial Potential Difference (TEPD) at Week 48
TEPD was to be assessed in each nostril by using standardized equipment, techniques, and solutions. Collection of nasal TEPD tracings was discontinued for this study via a memorandum sent to all Investigators, based on the results of Study 009, which showed that this biomarker failed to discriminate active treatment from placebo over the 48-week study period. Therefore, this Outcome Measure was removed from the study as a Secondary Outcome Measure and none of the nasal TEPD tracings were reviewed or analyzed for this Outcome Measure.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]) and Week 48 (Total Study Week 96)
Change From Baseline in the Concentration of Sweat Chloride at Week 48
Sweat was collected, from each arm, by using pilocarpine iontophoresis. The chloride concentration in the sweat was quantified for each arm by using standard laboratory methods. Tests were considered valid if the sweat collection time was ≤35 minutes; tests with longer collection times were also considered valid if extra time was needed to obtain sufficient volume (≥15uL) for analysis. For analysis purposes, the average of the values from each arm were computed. If the assessment was valid and/or available in only 1 arm, this value was used as if it were the average of both arms. The method used was consistent with the guidelines of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics - Therapeutic Development Network. Baseline was the most recent value of sweat chloride prior to treatment in Study 009e. A positive change from Baseline indicates that sweat chloride concentration increased.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 1 [Total Study Week 48]), Week 48 (Total Study Week 96)