Effectiveness of Extended Treatment for Drug Dependence (ETDD) in the City Study

Inclusion Criteria: * (1) qualify for a DSM-IV diagnosis of cocaine dependence, with cocaine use in the 6 months prior to entrance into the City of Philadelphia Department of Behavioral Health facilities or controlled environment; * (2) 18 to 75 years of age; * (3) no current psychotic disorder (as assessed with the psychotic screen from the SCID) or evidence of dementia severe enough to prevent participation in outpatient treatment; * (4) no acute medical problem requiring immediate inpatient treatment; * (5) no current participation in methadone or other modes of Drug and Alcohol treatment, other than an Intensive Outpatient Program; * (6) willingness to be randomized and participate in research. * (7) Finally, because of study follow-up requirements, subjects will be able to provide the name, verified telephone number, and address of at least two contacts who can provide locating information on the patient during follow-up. We will include patients with dependence on other substances, provided that they are cocaine dependent and meet other inclusion criteria. Exclusion Criteria: * Current dependence on opiates is an exclusion as those participants may be better served as part of a methadone program rather than a telephone based therapy protocol. Also, if patients are court-ordered to treatment, or otherwise considered prisoners, they will not be included in the study.