Novel Pathways to Manage Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Dialysis Patients: Role of Nicotinic Acid

Inclusion Criteria: * A signed consent form; * Male or Female, 18 years or older; * Diagnosed with ESRD, on maintenance hemodialysis for at least six (6) months; * Subject must be able to understand and provide informed consent; * No known contraindications to therapy with nicotinic acid; * Female subjects of childbearing potential must be willing to be on an acceptable form of birth control for the duration of the study and for two month after they have stopped taking the study drug. Exclusion Criteria: * Any patient with a medical condition or taking any medications that would be contraindicated with the use of extended release niacin, such as active peptic ulcer disease; * History of severe allergic reactions to the study medication; * History of active infection or acute gouty attack within 2 weeks prior to enrollment; * Known serological positivity for HIV, HBsAg, or HCV Ab; * HbA1C \> 9; * Total CK of more than three times of the upper limit of normal; * Elevation of liver function tests at time of entry (AST and/or ALT \> 2 times the upper limit of normal); * History of drug, alcohol, or chemical abuse within 6 months prior to enrollment; * History of malignancy except adequately treated in-situ cervical carcinoma, or adequately treated basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin; * History of an inflammatory disease such as SLE, rheumatoid arthritis or ulcerative colitis; * Patients currently on pharmacological doses of nicotinic acid; * Patients receiving chronic anti-inflammatory therapy; * Patients with average baseline hs-CRP levels of \> 20 mg/L or \< 1 mg/L; * Patients in whom FDG-PET/CT dual scans are contraindicated (e.g., pregnant patients or those with severe allergy to IV contrast; a pregnancy test will be performed in each female subject between 18 and 45 years of age prior to each scan)