Objectives: Injection pain and hypotension are two main adverse effects of propofol which distresses patient. The aim of this prospective double blind study was to compare the effect of ephedrine -lidocaine combination with lidocaine and ephedrine on injection pain and hemodynamic changes due to propofol induction. Methods: 165 adult patients, aged 20 to 60 yr, Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5 groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30microgram/kg (E30), ephedrine 70 microgram/kg(E70), lidocaine 0.5mg/kg -ephedrine 30 microgram/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S) intravenously. After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected. Face pain scale and verbal rating scale, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction, just before intubation, and one minute after intubation
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
165
Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5 groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5 groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5 groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5 groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5 groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Qazvin university of medical science
Qazvin, Qazvin Province, Iran
pain during propofol injection is assessed by face pain scale(FPS) and verbal rating scale(VRS)
Time frame: during the injection period of propofol(One minute after the administration of the test solution) before loss of consciousness
mean arterial blood pressure
mean arterial blood pressure is assessed by nonivasive automatic blood pressure measurement
Time frame: before the administration of the test solution , just before intubation(three minutes after atracurium injection), and one minute after intubation
heart rate
is assessed by echocardiogram monitoring
Time frame: before the administration of the test solution, just before intubation(three minutes after atracurium injection) , and one minute after intubation
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