Chronic mountain sickness is characterized by excessive red blood cell production which causes sludging of the vascular system. This high viscosity blood causes heart failure, cognitive dysfunction, and strokes. The investigators hypothesize that cobalt which has been previously been shown to be an environmental pollutant worsens the overproduction of red blood cells. The investigators plan to conduct a 6 week trial in which acetazolamide (already shown to improve chronic mountain sickness) and N-acetylcysteine (a drug that removes cobalt from the blood) are evaluated in their potential to improve chronic mountain sickness.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
85
NAC 600 mg oral once daily
Acetazolamide 250 mg oral once daily
1 (or 2 in the placebo group) empty gel capsules
Chronic mountain sickness clinic
Cerro de Pasco, Departamento de Pasco, Peru
Change from baseline in Hematocrit, or fraction of plasma occupied by cellular elements at week 8
Spun hematocrit measured on portable machine
Time frame: Baseline and week 8
Change from baseline in arterial blood gas values at week 8
Analyzed using portable machine. The values analyzed include serum pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen, and serum bicarbonate.
Time frame: Baseline and week 8
Change from baseline Erythropoietin at week 8
Serum hormone that stimulates red blood cell production
Time frame: Baseline and week 8
Change from baseline in serum and urine Cobalt at day 3
Will calculate spot clearance of cobalt
Time frame: Baseline and day 3
Change in baseline urine protein at 8 weeks
Ratio of urine total protein to urine creatinine
Time frame: Baseline and week 8
Change in baseline Chronic mountain sickness score at 8 weeks
Chronic Mountain Sickness Score Absent Mild Moderate Severe Headache 0 +1 +2 +3 Dizziness 0 +1 +2 +3 Failing Memory 0 +1 +2 +3 Fatigue 0 +1 +2 +3 Breathlessness 0 +1 +2 +3 Sleep disturbances 0 +1 +2 +3 Tinnitus 0 +1 +2 +3 Anorexia 0 +1 +2 +3 Cyanosis of lips, face, or fingers 0 +1 +2 +3 Hyperemia or prominent capillaries conjunctivae or laryngopharynx 0 +1 +2 +3
Time frame: Baseline and week 8
Changes in baseline Serum electrolytes at day 3, 14 and week 8
Electrolytes, specifically monitoring serum potassium to treat serious hypokalemia (serum potassium \< 3.0 meQ/L).
Time frame: Baseline and Days 3, 14, and week 8
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