Only a few medications are approved for the treatment of alcohol dependence and there exists a substantial need for discovering ways to provide more effective treatments. Accordingly, identifying new potential neuropharmacological targets in the treatment of alcohol dependence represents a high priority in public health. Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide acting as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin was first isolated from the stomach, but a central hypothalamic production of ghrelin has also been demonstrated. Ghrelin plays a key role in the regulation of appetite. Consistent with the common neurobiological substrates for control of food and alcohol consumption, preclinical investigations suggest that ghrelin plays a role in the neurobiology of alcohol dependence, thus representing a new potential neuropharmacology target. In keeping with the preclinical studies, human investigations showed that alcohol consumption affects blood ghrelin levels and that blood ghrelin levels significantly and positively correlate with craving measurements in alcohol-dependent individuals. The effects of exogenous ghrelin injected intravenous (i.v.) in alcohol-dependent individuals, however, have never been investigated. The current project proposes a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 3-group between-subject laboratory study aimed at investigating the effects of exogenous ghrelin i.v. on non-treatment seeking alcohol-dependent subjects in terms of urges to drink, attention to cues and related psychophysiological measures. This project has the goals to: i) conduct an alcohol laboratory study testing the role of ghrelin i.v., therefore demonstrating the feasibility of such a study and the safety of ghrelin i.v. when administered to alcohol-dependent individuals; and ii) explore the effects of ghrelin i.v. on alcohol craving assessed under controlled conditions, such as a cue-reactivity (CR) experiment. This study will address whether alcohol craving is affected when ghrelin levels are modified acutely via a ghrelin i.v. injection. Given the crucial need to expand our understanding of the underlying neurobiology of alcoholism, this study potentially will lead to identify new targets for the development of pharmacological treatments that may improve interventions for alcohol dependent individuals.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
45
A 1 microg/kg dose of intravenous human acetylated ghrelin was administered once approximately 10 minutes before the start of the alcohol cue-reactivity experiment.
A 3 microg/kg dose of intravenous human acetylated ghrelin was administered once approximately 10 minutes before the start of the alcohol cue-reactivity experiment.
Intravenous saline solution (matched placebo) was administered once approximately 10 minutes before the start of the alcohol cue-reactivity experiment.
Brown University Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies
Providence, Rhode Island, United States
Alcohol Visual Analogue Scale (A-VAS)
Whether ghrelin intravenous (i.v.), as compared to saline i.v., dose-dependently results in increased cue-reactivity (CR) responses to alcohol cues in terms of urge to drink \[as measured by the Alcohol Visual Analogue Scale (A-VAS)\]. The A-VAS was rated on 11-point anchored Likert-type scales, where 0 is the minimum score (no craving) and 11 is the maximum score (highest craving intensity). The change in the A-VAS score (deltaA-VAS) was used to indicate decrease (-d) or increase (+d) in craving intensity.
Time frame: approximately 30 minutes after drug administration
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability.
Whether ghrelin intravenous (i.v.), as compared to saline i.v., does not significantly increase Adverse Events (AEs).
Time frame: participants will be followed after the cue-reactivity experiment, an expected average of 7 days
Salivation
Whether ghrelin intravenous (i.v.), as compared to saline i.v., dose-dependently results in increased cue-reactivity (CR) responses to alcohol cues in terms of psychophysiological responses, namely salivation changes.
Time frame: approximately 30 minutes after drug administration
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