A Study of The Effect of Hepatic Impairment on The Pharmacokinetics of Aleglitazar

Apparent Total Body Clearance (CL/F) of Aleglitazar

CL/F was calculated as dose/AUCinf, where AUCinf represents the area under the concentration-time curve of the analyte in plasma over the time interval from zero extrapolated to infinity.

Time frame: Pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dose

Renal Clearance (CLR) of Aleglitazar, M1, and M6

CLR was calculated as Ae0-48/AUC0-48, where Ae0-48 as amount excreted in urine from time 0 to 48 hours post-dose and AUC0-48 represents area under the concentration-time curve of the analyte in plasma over the time interval from zero to the 48 hours post-dose.

Time frame: Pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours post-dose for plasma; 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-24, and 24-48 hours post-dose for urine

Apparent Non-renal Clearance (CLNR/F) of Aleglitazar

Plasma and urine samples were collected for this PK parameter. CLNR/F was estimated as CL/F, based on the approximated formula of CLNR/F = (CL-CLR)/F with CLR of aleglitazar being equal to zero. CL/F was calculated as dose/AUCinf, where AUCinf represents the area under the concentration-time curve of the analyte in plasma over the time interval from zero extrapolated to infinity. CLR was calculated as Ae0-48/AUC0-48, where Ae0-48 as amount excreted in urine from time zero to 48 hours post-dose and AUC0-48 represents area under the concentration-time curve of the analyte in plasma over the time interval from zero to the 48 hours post-dose.

Time frame: Pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dose for plasma; 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-24, and 24-48 hours post-dose for urine

Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Aleglitazar, M1, and M6

M1 and M6 are pharmacologically inactive metabolites of aleglitazar. Tmax was measured as time to reach the maximum concentration in the plasma after post-dose.

Time frame: Pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dose

Apparent Terminal Half-life (t½) of Aleglitazar, M1, and M6

M1 and M6 are pharmacologically inactive metabolites of aleglitazar. T1/2 is the time required for a given drug concentration in the plasma to decrease by 50%.

Time frame: Pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dose

Elimination Rate Constant (Kel) of Aleglitazar

The kel is fraction of a substance that is removed per unit time measured at any particular instant. It was calculated using at least 3 concentration-time points and ideally covered more than 2 half-lives.

Time frame: 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-24, and 24-48 hours post-dose

Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Aleglitazar

Vz/F is the apparent volume of distribution during terminal phase after non-intravenous administration. It was calculated as CL/F/kel, where CL/F was calculated as dose/AUCinf, where AUCinf represents the area under the concentration-time curve of the analyte in plasma over the time interval from zero extrapolated to infinity and kel as constant elimination rate of aleglitazar.

Time frame: Pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dose for plasma; 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-24, and 24-48 hours post-dose for urine

Amount Excreted in Urine From Time 0 to 48 Hours Post-dose (Ae0-48) of Aleglitazar, M1, and M6

The cumulative amount excreted in urine Ae0-48 over the entire collection interval of 48 hours was calculated by adding the Ae of the intervals 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-24, and 24-48 hours, where Ae was calculated by multiplying the urine volume within the collection interval by the associated drug concentration.

Time frame: 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-24, and 24-48 hours post-dose

Fraction of Drug Excreted in Urine From Time 0 to 48 Hours Post-dose (fe0-48) of Aleglitazar

fe0-48 was calculated as Ae0-48/dose. The cumulative amount excreted in urine Ae0-48 over the entire collection interval of 48 hours was calculated by adding the Ae of the intervals 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-24, and 24-48 hours. Ae was calculated by multiplying the urine volume within the collection interval by the associated drug concentration.

Time frame: 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-24, and 24-48 hours post-dose

Mean of Fraction of Unbound Aleglitazar (fu)

fu was calculated using the mean of the 2-hour (reflecting Cmax) and 24-hour (reflecting Ctrough) values for each participant or, if the result of only one time-point was available, fu was the result of the available time-point. Ctrough) is a measured concentration at the end of a dosing interval at steady state.

Time frame: 2 and 24 hours post-dose

Area Under the Unbound Plasma Concentration-time Curve of Aleglitazar From Time 0 to Infinity (AUCu,Inf)

AUCinf represents the area under the concentration-time curve of the analyte in plasma over the time interval from zero extrapolated to infinity. It was calculated by non-compartmental analysis using the linear trapezoidal rule, using relative actual time values. It was assessed using an analysis of variance model on the log-transformed values of AUCinf of aleglitazar with hepatic impairment group as factor.

Time frame: Pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dose

Maximum Unbound Plasma Concentration (Cmax,u) of Aleglitazar

Cmax was obtained directly from the concentration-time data.

Time frame: Pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dose

Area Under the Unbound Plasma Concentration-time Curve of Aleglitazar From 0 to the Last Quantifiable Time-point Post-dose (AUCu,Last)

Plasma samples were collected for this PK parameter. AUClast represents the area under the concentration-time curve of the analyte in plasma over the time interval from zero 0 to the last quantifiable time-point post-dose. It was calculated by non-compartmental analysis using the linear trapezoidal rule, using relative actual time values. AUClast was extrapolated to AUCinf by adding the ratio of Clast/kel to the AUClast, where Clast was the last observed concentration and kel was elimination rate constant.

Time frame: Pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dose

Area Under the Unbound Plasma Concentration-time Curve of Aleglitazar From Time 0 to 48 Hours Post-dose (AUCu,0-48)

AUClast represents the area under the concentration-time curve of the analyte in plasma over the time interval from zero to the 48 hours post-dose. It was calculated by non-compartmental analysis using the linear trapezoidal rule, using relative actual time values.

Time frame: Pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dose

Apparent Unbound Volume of Distribution (Vz/Fu) of Aleglitazar

VzF/u is an apparent volume of Unbound distribution during terminal phase after non-intravenous administration. It was calculated as CL/F/kel, where CL/F was calculated as dose/AUCinf, where AUCinf represents the area under the concentration-time curve of the analyte in plasma over the time interval from zero extrapolated to infinity and kel as constant elimination rate of aleglitazar.

Time frame: Pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dose for plasma; 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-24, and 24-48 hours post-dose for urine

Apparent Unbound Total Body Clearance (CL/Fu) of Aleglitazar

CL/F is an apparent total clearance of the drug from plasma after oral administration. It was calculated as dose/AUCinf. AUCinf represents the area under the concentration-time curve of the analyte in plasma over the time interval from zero extrapolated to infinity.

Time frame: Pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-dose for plasma; 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-24, and 24-48 hours post-dose for urine

Number of Participants With Any Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), Death, and Study Discontinuation

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered to be related to the medicinal product. An SAE is any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, is life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, or results in a congenital anomaly/birth defect.

Time frame: Up to 6 weeks

Number of Participants With Low and High Electrocardiograms (ECGs) Parameter Values

The ECG evaluations were performed after participants were at rest and in supine position for at least 5 minutes before recording and remain resting and supine during the recordings. ECGs parameters included heart rate (HR), RR interval, PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, QTcB, and QTcF intervals. The normal ranges of ECG parameter values were: HR as 40-100 beats per minute, RR as 600-1500 milliseconds (msec), PR as 120-200 msec, QRS as 80-120 msec, QT as 200-500 msec, QTcB as 350-450 msec, and QTcF as 350-450 msec. Data was reported as the number of participants who had low level values (values less than the normal range) and high level values (values more than the normal range).

Time frame: Screening (Days -28 to -2), baseline (Day -1), Days 1 to 5, and follow-up visit (Day 10)

Number of Participants With Low and High Vital Signs Values

Vital signs were assessed after participants had rested in a supine position for no less than 5 minutes. Vital signs included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and oral body temperature. The normal ranges of vital signs were: systolic blood pressure as 90-140 millimeter of Hg (mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure as 50-90 mm Hg, pulse rate as 45-100 beats per minute, and oral body temperature as 36.3-37.5 degree Celsius. Data was reported as the number of participants who had low level values (values less than the normal range) and high level values (values more than the normal range).

Time frame: Days -28 to -2, Day -1, Days 1 to 5, and Day 10 for blood pressure and pulse rate; and Days -28 to -2, Day -1, and Day 10 for oral body temperature

Number of Participants With Marked Abnormalities in Clinical Laboratory Parameters

Laboratory parameters included hematology, coagulation, biochemistry, and urinalysis. A marked abnormality was defined as a test result which was outside of the marked abnormality range. Data was reported as the number of participants who had low level values (values less than the normal range) and high level values (values more than the normal range).

Time frame: Up to 6 weeks