The purpose of this study is to describe the real world effectiveness of anidulafungin in clinical practice in a large Liver Unit in the United Kingdom.
All subjects that have been treated with Anidulafungin according to its licence during the period of July 2009 and September 2010 will be included.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
50
A single 200 mg loading dose should be administered on Day 1, followed by 100 mg daily thereafter.
Pfizer Investigational Site
London, United Kingdom
Percentage of Participants With Favorable Outcome
Favorable outcome was defined as favorable clinical response and documented or presumed microbial eradication (two negative follow-up blood cultures for bloodstream infections or a successful clinical response without follow-up cultures for other infections). Favorable clinical response was defined as clinical resolution of signs and symptoms of infection and no need to change or add to antifungal therapy, or transition to oral antifungal to complete therapy.
Time frame: Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Unfavorable Outcome
Unfavorable outcome was defined as the need to change to another antifungal agent because of lack of clinical response or death due to the antifungal infection or microbiologic persistence of the fungus or superinfection with a new Candida, Aspergillus or other fungal strain occurring at least 3 days and up to 14 days of anidulafungin therapy, or a lack of follow up data about clinical and microbiologic responses at the end of anidulafungin therapy.
Time frame: Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants Who Died Due to All Causes
Death due to all causes included death attributable to fungal infection, death unrelated to fungal infection and death due to multiple causes.
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Death Attributable to Fungal Infection
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Death Unrelated to Fungal Infection
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Favorable Clinical Response
Favorable clinical response was defined as clinical resolution of signs and symptoms of infection and no need to change or add to antifungal therapy, or transition to oral antifungal to complete therapy.
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Time frame: Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Lack of Clinical Response
Favorable clinical response was defined as clinical resolution of signs and symptoms of infection and no need to change or add to antifungal therapy, or transition to oral antifungal to complete therapy.
Time frame: Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants Requiring Change or Additional Antifungal Therapy
Lower limit of confidence interval was reported as 0 if the same was calculated as less than 0 by standard calculations (outside the valid range of 0 to 100).
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Oral Antifungal Started to Complete Therapy
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Documented Eradication of Infecting Species
Documented microbial eradication was defined as 2 negative follow-up blood cultures for bloodstream infections.
Time frame: Baseline
Percentage of Participants With Resolution of Signs of Infection According to Ultrasound Scan Results
An ultrasound scan was performed and the resultant scan was reviewed for the presence of the infection as per investigator's discretion.
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Resolution of Signs of Infection According to Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan Results
A CT scan was performed and the resultant scan was reviewed for the presence of the infection as per investigator's discretion.
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Abnormal Results for Liver Function at Initiation of Drug Therapy
Percentage of participants with abnormal liver function results were based on 4 liver function variables- bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase. Normal reference ranges of these variables are: plasma bilirubin: 3-17 micromoles/L or 2.5-10 mg/L for adults; aspartate transaminase: 6-34 International Units/Liter (IU/L) for females and 8-40 IU/L for males; alkaline phosphatase: 5-38 IU/L for females and 10-50 IU/L for males; gamma glutamyl transferase: 7-32 IU/L for females and 11-50 IU/L for males. Upper limit of confidence interval was reported as 100 if the same was calculated as greater than 100 by standard calculations (outside the valid range of 0 to 100).
Time frame: Baseline
Percentage of Participants With Abnormal Results for Liver Function at End of Drug Therapy
Percentage of participants with abnormal liver function results were based on 4 liver function variables- bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase. Normal reference ranges of these variables are: plasma bilirubin: 3-17 micromoles/L or 2.5-10 mg/L for adults; aspartate transaminase: 6-34 IU/L for females and 8-40 IU/L for males; alkaline phosphatase: 5-38 IU/L for females and 10-50 IU/L for males; gamma glutamyl transferase: 7-32 IU/L for females and 11-50 IU/L for males.
Time frame: Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Liver Function Test Results at Least Twice the Baseline Value During Period of Drug Therapy
Percentage of participants with liver function test results at least twice the baseline value during period of drug therapy was calculated for the liver function variables, bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase.
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Creatinine Clearance at Least Twice the Baseline Value During Period of Drug Therapy
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants Admitted to Liver Intensive Therapy Unit (LITU)
Time frame: Baseline
Duration of Stay at Liver Intensive Therapy Unit (LITU)
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Absolute Neutrophil Count Less Than 500 Per Cubic Millimeter (/mm^3) and Greater Than or Equal to 500 /mm^3
Lower limit of confidence interval was reported as 0 if the same was calculated as less than 0 and upper limit of confidence interval was reported as 100 if the same was calculated as greater than 100, by standard calculations (outside the valid range of 0 to 100).
Time frame: Baseline
Percentage of Participants With Concomitant Bacterial or Viral Infection
Upper limit of confidence interval was reported as 100 if the same was calculated as greater than 100 by standard calculations (outside the valid range of 0 to 100).
Time frame: Baseline
Percentage of Participants Prescribed With Systemic Antifungal Within 30 Days Before Study Start
Lower limit of confidence interval was reported as 0 if the same was calculated as less than 0 by standard calculations (outside the valid range of 0 to 100).
Time frame: Baseline
Dose Changes for Immunosuppressant Drugs
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Probable or Proven Fungal Infection at the Initiation of Drug Therapy
Time frame: Baseline
Percentage of Participants With Documented Body Temperature Above 38.0 Degree Celsius or Below 36.0 Degree Celsius Within 24 Hour Period Prior to Initiation of Drug Therapy
Lower limit of confidence interval was reported as 0 if the same was calculated as less than 0 and upper limit of confidence interval was reported as 100 if the same was calculated as greater than 100, by standard calculations (outside the valid range of 0 to 100).
Time frame: Baseline
Percentage of Participants With Systolic Blood Pressure More Than 2 Standard Deviations Below the Mean for Age Recorded Within 24 Hour Period Prior to Initiation of Drug Therapy
Lower limit of confidence interval was reported as 0 if the same was calculated as less than 0 by standard calculations (outside the valid range of 0 to 100).
Time frame: Baseline
Number of Participants With Infection Sites as Per Microbiological Analysis
Infection sites included blood, chest, urinary tract, intra-abdominal, bile duct, liver, kidney, mouth and esophagus.
Time frame: Baseline
Number of Participants With Infection Sites as Per Ultrasound Scan and Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan
Time frame: Baseline
Infecting Organisms by Species
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 14 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With Prior Colonization With Candida by Species
Lower limit of confidence interval was reported as 0 if the same was calculated as less than 0 by standard calculations (outside the valid range of 0 to 100).
Time frame: Baseline
Percentage of Participants With Prior Colonization With Candida by Colonization Index
Time frame: Baseline
Percentage of Participants With Other Prior Fungal Infection by Species and Colonization Index
Time frame: Baseline
Number of Participants Who Received Water-based and Ethanol-based Formulation
Time frame: Baseline
Percentage of Participants Who Received Water-based and Ethanol-based Formulation
Time frame: Baseline
Percentage of Participants Who Received 200 mg Loading Dose
Time frame: Day 1
Percentage of Participants Who Received 100 mg Dose on Day 2
Time frame: Day 2
Percentage of Participants Who Received 200 mg Dose on Day 1 and 100 mg for All Subsequent Doses
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Number of Participants With Other Dosing Patterns
The other dosing patterns for anidulafungin included any dosing pattern different from 200 mg loading dose on Day 1 followed by 100 mg doses subsequently starting from Day 2.
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Duration of Anidulafungin Therapy
Time frame: Baseline
Number of Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
Any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study treatment was considered an adverse event (AE) without regard to possibility of causal relationship. An AE resulting in any of the following outcomes, or deemed to be significant for any other reason, was considered to be a SAE: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; a life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly.
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Percentage of Participants With One or More Drug-related Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment
Number of Participants With Different Types of Drug-related Serious Adverse Events
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 28 post-treatment