The aim of this study is to examine differences in short term bioavailability between four n-3 FA formulations in healthy males.
The long-chain n-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are known to positively affect the lipid profile, vascular tone and blood coagulation. Moreover, EPA and DHA possess anti-inflammatory effects and play a central role in the functioning of the brain and central nervous system. Therefore, an increased EPA and DHA intake is highly recommend. However, it is unknown whether different chemical formulations of EPA + DHA rich supplements (re-esterified triglycerides, ethyl-esters, phospholipids) have identical bioavailability. The objective of this study is to examine differences in short term bioavailability between four n-3 FA formulations: * Supplement 1: EPA+DHA as re-esterified triglycerides (rTGs) from fish-oil uncoated capsules * Supplement 2: EPA+DHA as rTGs from fish-oil in gastric acid resistant (coated) capsules (GArTG) * Supplement 3: EPA+DHA as ethylesters (EE) from fish-oil uncoated capsules * Supplement 4: DHA+EPA as phospholipids from krill-oil, uncoated capsules (KPL) The study preparations are certificated supplements and available on the market. There are no comparative investigations, which analyzed the bioavailability of these four n-3 FA formulations in a similar design.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
12
EPA+DHA as re-esterified triglycerides (rTGs) from fish-oil; uncoated capsules (4 per day); 2016 mg n3 fatty acids daily (1008 mg EPA and 672 mg DHA)
EPA+DHA as rTGs from fish-oil in gastric acid resistant (coated) capsules (GArTG); 4 capsules per day; 2016 mg n-3 fatty acids (1008 mg EPA and 672 mg DHA)
EPA+DHA as ethylesters (EE) from fish-oil uncoated capsules (4 per day); 2016 mg n-3 fatty acids (1008 mg EPA and 672 mg DHA)
Gottfried Wilhelm leibniz University of Hanover
Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany
Area under concentration time curve (AUC)
Concentration of eicosapentanoiec acid (EPA) and docosahexanoiec acid (DHA) was measured at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours.
Time frame: about 24 hours
Area under concentration time curve (AUC)
Concentration of eicosapentanoiec acid (EPA) and docosahexanoiec acid (DHA) was measured at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Time frame: about 48 and 72 hours
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DHA+EPA as phospholipids from krill-oil, uncoated capsules (KPL); 7 capsules per day; 2100 mg n-3 fatty acids (1050 mg EPA and 630 mg DHA)