The study is a cluster-randomized, controlled trial conducted among 100 villages (including approximately 3500 households and 20,000 people) in Puri district, State of Orissa, India. The study aims to assess the impact of the construction and use of latrines in rural settings on diarrhoeal disease, helminth infections and nutritional status. The study will also report on the cost and cost-effectiveness of the intervention and its impact on lost days at school and work as well as on expenditures on drugs and medical treatment. The study will document how the intervention actually impacts exposure to human excreta along principal transmission pathways by evaluating the impact on (i) faecal contamination of drinking water, (ii) the presence of mechanical vectors (flies) in food preparation areas, and (iii) the presence of faeces in and around participating households and villages. The study will also explore the extent to which different levels of acquisition and use of on-site sanitation among householders impact disease throughout the community.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
100
WaterAid and local NGO partners mobilize householders in target villages to construct and use latrines in accordance with the Government of India's Total Sanitation Campaign.
Xavier Institute of Management
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Diarrhoea (<5s)
Longitudinal prevalence of diarrhoea (7-day period prevalence) measured repeatedly every 3 months over a 21-month follow-up period. Diarrhoea is defined according to the WHO definition (three of more stools passed in 24 hrs)
Time frame: 21 months
Soil-transmitted helminth infection
Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection at the end of the follow-up period
Time frame: baseline and endline
Weight-for-age (<5s)
Weight of children \<5 is recorded at each diarrhoea surveillance visit (every 3 months over the 21-month follow-up). Weight-for-age Z (WAZ) scores are calculated using the WHO growth standards. WAZ is used a proxy indicator of recent diarrhoea.
Time frame: 21 months
lost days at school and work
Time frame: 21 months
healthcare expenditure
Time frame: 21 months
latrine coverage and use
Time frame: 21 months
bacteriological water quality
Time frame: 21 months
fly counts
Time frame: 21 months
Height-for-age
Recumbent length measured for children \<2 at baseline and endline following standardised procedures for anthropometric assessment.
Time frame: baseline and endline
Diarrhoea (all ages)
Longitudinal prevalence of diarrhoea (7-day period prevalence) measured repeatedly every 3 months over a 21-month follow-up period. Diarrhoea is defined according to the WHO definition (passage of three or more loose stools in 24 hrs).
Time frame: 21 months
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