The Effect(s) of Sevelamer Carbonate (Renvela) on Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation Judged by FDG-PET Scan

Inclusion Criteria: * A signed consent form; * Male or Female, 50 years or older; * Diagnosed with end stage renal disease (ESRD), on maintenance hemodialysis for at least three (3) months; * On calcium-based phosphate binders; * Subject must be able to understand and provide informed consent; * No known contraindications to therapy with sevelamer carbonate. Exclusion Criteria: * Any patient with a medical condition or taking any medications that would be contraindicated with the use of sevelamer carbonate, such as history of bowel obstruction; * History of severe allergic reactions to the study medication; * History of active infection (other than a simple respiratory tract infection) or acute gouty attack within 2 weeks prior to enrollment; * Known serological positivity for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg), or Hepatitis C Virus Antibody (HCV Ab) except dose with normal liver function tests (AST, ALT, Bilirubin, and Alkaline Phophatase) and no history of cirrhosis; * Elevation of liver function tests at time of entry (Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and/or Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) \> 2 times the upper limit of normal); * History of drug, alcohol, or chemical abuse within 6 months prior to enrollment; * History of malignancy except those adequately treated, has completed treatment and clinically in remission for more than 6 month; adequately treated in-situ cervical carcinoma, or adequately treated basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin; * History of an inflammatory disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis or ulcerative colitis except those in remission for more than 6 months; * Patients currently on sevelamer carbonate or sevelamer chloride or history of taking them for more than a week in the past three months; * Patients receiving chronic anti-inflammatory therapy; * Patients in whom FDG-PET/CT dual scans are contraindicated.