A Trial of Low Dose Sulindac Combined With Eflornithine in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of phenotypic Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) of the colorectum based on meeting the criteria in one of two groups: Group 1-Greater than 100 adenomatous colorectal polyps prior to age 40. Group 2-Greater than 10 adenomatous polyps and age \<40 or greater than 25 polyps and age \>40; combined with a dominant family history or genotype: More than 100 polyps in a first-degree relative; More than 25 polyps in 2 relatives in 2 generations, including a first-degree family member; Genetic diagnosis in a relative; Genetic diagnosis by in vitro synthesized truncated protein or similar assay. * No colorectal surgery or prior colon surgery for polyposis at least 1 year prior (total abdominal colectomy with ileal-rectal anastomosis, or total proctocolectomy with ilea pouch-anal reconstruction. * Baseline endoscopy 1. If no prior colorectal surgery, at least 3 polyps in a cluster each ≥ 2 mm in diameter; or 2. If rectum is in situ and to be assessed, baseline rectal segment endoscopy documenting 3 or more rectal polyps each at least 2 mm in diameter in a defined cluster and/or at least 6 polyps, ≥ 2 mm in diameter, in the distal 10 cm of rectum 3. If ileal pouch neo-rectum is in place, 3 or more pouch polyps in a cluster ≥ 2 mm in diameter, or at least 6 polyps, ≥ 2 mm in diameter, in the distal 10 cm of pouch. 4. Clinical/pathological grading of duodenal polyps will utilize the Spigelman Classification. * Hematopoietic: no significant hematologic dysfunction; WBC ≥3,000/mm3; platelet count ≥100,000/mm3; hemoglobin ≥10g/dL; no known or prior clinical coagulopathy. * Hepatic: bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times ULN; AST and ALT ≤ 1.5 times ULN; Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 1.5 times ULN. * Renal: No significant renal dysfunction; creatinine ≤ 1.5 times ULN. * Hearing: no clinically significant hearing loss that affects everyday life. * Not pregnant or nursing. * Negative serum pregnancy test if female of child-bearing potential. * Absence of gross blood in stool. * Fertile patients must use effective contraception. * Stool occult blood either negative or minimal (1+). * No prior hypersensitivity to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, or salicylates; no NSAID associated symptoms of gastritis. * No discrete gastric or duodenal ulcer greater than 5 mm within the past year except Helicobacter pylori-related peptic ulcer disease treated successfully with antibiotics (as documented by an endoscopy. * No invasive malignancy within the past 5 years except stage I or II colon or rectal cancer or resected nonmelanomatous skin cancer. * No other significant medical or psychiatric problems that would preclude study participation. * No chronic adrenocorticosteroids. * No prior pelvic irradiation. * At least 3 months since prior investigational agents. * Patients may not be receiving or plan to receive corticosteroids. * Concomitant NSAID use outside this study may not exceed 4 days per month. * Use of 81 mg daily aspirin or 650 mg aspirin not more than once a week. * No concurrent warfarin, fluconazole, or lithium. * Must be willing and able to sign informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * High Risk for cardiovascular disease including clinical diabetes mellitus (Type I or II) requiring glycemic medications; Prior personal history of cardiovascular disease or, two or more of the following - hypertension or use of anti-hypertensive medications, hyperlipidemia or use of lipid-lowering medications or current smoker. * Hearing loss that affects everyday life and or for which a hearing aid is required.