The Controlled Trial of Apremilast for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment (CARAT)

Inclusion Criteria: * Must be able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements * documented rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis by the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for at least 6 months * disease duration 6 or more months (from symptom onset) * failed 1 or more DMARD * active RA despite current DMARD therapy; active disease defined as 4 or more tender and 4 or more swollen joints (out of 28 joints examined) and any one of the following: * ESR 28 or higher mm/hr; * CRP 1.0 or more mg/dl; * Morning stiffness 45 or more minutes. * Patients receiving DMARD or biologic therapy must undergo a drug washout. * Patients receiving a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and/or prednisone (10 or less mg day) must be on stable doses of these agents for more than 2 weeks. * Must meet laboratory criteria as specified in the protocol * Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have a negative urine pregnancy test at screening and must adhere to adequate forms of contraception as defined in the protocol. Must agree to pregnancy tests every 28 days while on study medication. * Males (including those who have had a vasectomy) must agree to use barrier contraception (latex condoms) when engaging in sexual activity with FCBP while on study medication and for 28 days after taking the last dose of study medication Exclusion Criteria: * Inability to provide voluntary consent * History of any clinically significant cardiac, endocrinologic, pulmonary, neurologic, psychiatric, hepatic, renal, hematologic, neurologic, gastrointestinal, immunologic, or other major diseases * Any condition, including the presence of laboratory abnormalities, which places the subject at unacceptable risk if he/she were to participate in the study or confounds the ability to interpret data from the study * Pregnant or breastfeeding female * Systemic fungal infection * Active tuberculosis (TB) or a history of incompletely treated tuberculosis. * History of recurrent bacterial infection (at least 3 major infections resulting in hospitalization and/or requiring intravenous antibiotic treatment within the past 2 years) * Clinically significant abnormality on the chest x-ray (CXR) at screening. Chest x-rays performed within 3 months prior to start of study drug are acceptable. * Use of any investigational medication within 28 days prior to randomization or 5 half-lives if known (whichever is longer) * Any clinically significant abnormality on 12-lead ECG at screening * History of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency (eg, Common Variable Immunodeficiency \[CVID\]) * History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection * Presence of hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) or Hepatitis core antibody positive at screening. * Antibodies to Hepatitis C virus at screening * History of malignancy within 5 years prior to the screening visit (except for treated \[i.e. cured\] basal cell skin carcinomas and treated \[i.e. cured\] carcinoma in situ of the cervix) * currently on DMARD therapy * currently taking biologics * treated with rituximab in the last 6 months * Recent hospitalization (last 3 months) * Planned pregnancy or major surgery