This is a non-interventional, prospective, longitudinal cohort study. A total of 150 pediatric subjects with glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure, including 75 latanoprost-treated subjects and 75 non-topical prostaglandin analogue treated subjects, will be enrolled from ophthalmic hospital clinics and academic ophthalmic centers. As a non-interventional study, the study subjects' continued use of latanoprost and assessments of ocular events will be obtained through the routine medical follow-up with treating ophthalmologists or other designated members of the medical care team.
At least 40 subjects in each of the following age groups: 1-\<5 years and 5-\<18 years. No minimum required numbers in the \<1 year age group.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
175
Subjects continuously treated with Latanoprost for at least one month Latanoprost treatment during the study period.
Subjects not treated with any topical prostaglandin analogues or continuously treated with topical prostaglandin analogues for less than one month before the baseline examination, and unlikely to be treated with topical prostaglandin analogues during the study period.
Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Dienst Oftalmologie
Edegem, Belgium
Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven - Campus Sint-Raphaël
Leuven, Belgium
Clinica de Oftalmologia San Diego
Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
Fakultni nemocnice Brno
Brno, Czechia
Fakultni nemocnice v Motole
Prague, Czechia
Rigshospitalet - Glostrup
Change From Baseline to Last Available Observation in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) (Snellen or Equivalent)
Patients familiar with the letters of the alphabet were evaluated using Snellen visual acuity. Patients who were unable or unfamiliar with the letters of the alphabet were evaluated using charts made up of numbers, pictures (eg, Schering's Children's Eye Chart or Allen Cards), E's, or Landolt's broken rings, and other methods which were equivalent to Snellen acuity eg, HOTV testing).
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Number of Participants With Clinically Meaningful Change in Refractive Error
The refractive error \[cycloplegic where appropriate (eg, those unable to cooperate with manifest refraction)\] were determined at the baseline visit and assessed at the following visits.
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Change From Baseline to Last Available Observation in Horizontal Corneal Diameter (by Caliper and/or Ruler)
The horizontal corneal diameter was measured along the horizontal meridians. Diameter was measured using either a series of transparent plates with holes of different diameters in quarter-millimeter increments or with calibrated calipers compared against a ruler. When using calipers, the corneal diameter measurement was taken from limbus to a similar point 180° away at the opposite limbus. When not examining the children with anesthesia, it was recommended to use a tape measure across the head while measuring horizontal corneal diameter by photographic method.
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Change From Baseline to Last Available Observation in Intraocular Pressure (IOP)
IOP was preferably measured using 1 of 3 applanation-contact methods: Goldmann applanation tonometry, Perkins tonometry, or TonoPen® (tonometry). iCare® rebound tonometer was also allowed if it was used consistently throughout the study.
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Cup-to-disc Ratio (for Assessment of Optic Nerve Changes/Structures) - Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Deterioration in Cup/Disc Ratios
The cup/disc ratio was recorded horizontally and vertically for each examination, and reported in 0.1 increments.
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Visual Field Defects - Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Deterioration of Visual Field Defects.
A visual field examination was performed for those patients who can cooperate automated perimetry utilizing a threshold program. All visual fields was conducted utilizing the standard white background with a Goldmann size III white stimulus. For those patients who can not perform formal visual field testing, then field to confrontation test was used for younger, non-verbal children, central, steady and maintains fixation was used.
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Iris Color Darkening
Changes from baseline in iris color were reported at each follow-up visit. Photographs were taken at the discretion of investigators as per standard of care.
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Localized Pigmentation (Nevi or Freckles) of Conjunctiva, Iris and Choroid
Changes from baseline in localized pigmentation (nevi and freckles) of the conjunctiva, iris and choroid were reported at each follow-up visit. Photographs were taken at the discretion of investigators as per standard of care.
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Eyelash Darkening/Thickening
Changes from baseline in eyelash darkening/thickening/lengthening were reported at each follow-up visit. Photographs were taken at the discretion of investigators as per standard of care.
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Change From Baseline to Last Available Observation in Length of Eyelash (by Caliper and/or Ruler)
The longest eyelash (mm) measured by caliper or ruler was recorded at baseline and each follow-up visit.
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Change From Baseline to Last Available Observation in Corneal Thickness (Pachymeter)
Central corneal thickness was measured using a calibrated pachymeter, preferably an ultrasonic pachymeter.
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Conjunctival/Ocular Hyperemia
Conjunctiva hyperemia was assessed by slit-lamp examination. When slit-lamp examination is not possible due to subject cooperation, a fixation light and 20-diopter lens (for magnification) was used to assess this parameter. Conjunctival hyperemia was assessed and graded by ophthalmologist at baseline and follow-up visits from grades 0-3 and is as follows: 0 = None, Normal: few vessels of palpebral or bulbar conjunctiva easily observed 1. = Mild, Reddening of the palpebral or bulbar conjunctiva 2. = Moderate, Bright reddening of the palpebral or bulbar conjunctiva 3. = Severe, Deep, bright, and diffuse reddening of the palpebral or bulbar conjunctiva
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Number of Participants With a Change in Anterior Segment Biomicroscopy
Slit-lamp biomicroscopy (mounted or hand-held) without fluorescein and without dilation of the pupil was performed. When slit-lamp examination was not possible, a fixation light and 20-diopter lens (for magnification) was used. At each scheduled visit, deposition of pigment on the corneal endothelial layer or the lens capsule or any abnormalities of the lids, conjunctivae, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, or lens was examined.
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months
Number of Participants With Abnormalities in Fundoscopy Posterior Segment at Baseline
Fundoscopy was performed after dilation of the pupils (eg, 1 % tropicamide or cyclopentolate and 2 ½ % phenylephrine, or a clinically- appropriate dose according to the clinician's standard care of each particular patient). The examination included an evaluation of the vitreous body, retina (including the macula), and optic nerve head. The fundoscopy e-CRF was completed only at baseline because the investigators were required to perform slit lamp, direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy at each visit and report any AEs observed which included the vitreous, retina and optic nerve.
Time frame: Evaluated at Baseline
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Glostrup Municipality, Denmark
Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild
Paris, Cedex 19, France
CHU d'Amiens -Centre Saint Victor
Amiens, France
Hopital Claude Huriez
Lille, France
Universitaetsklinikum Giessen und Marburg
Giessen, Germany
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