The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of bortezomib on myeloma-related bone disease, analyzing bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with Multiple Myeloma (MMY) who have received high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for primary treatment of MMY (single- or double-transplant). Eligible patients will be randomized (study treatment assigned by chance like flipping a coin) to either bortezomib or observation alone. Patients in the bortezomib arm will receive treatment of bortezomib for a total of 4 cycles. All subjects will be followed for a total of 24 months after randomization.
This is a randomized, open-label (all people involved know the identity of the intervention), multicenter, multi-country parallel group study (each group of patients will be treated at the same time) in patients with Multiple Myeloma (MMY) who have received high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for primary treatment of MMY (single- or double-transplant). The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of bortezomib on myeloma-related bone disease by analyzing bone mineral density. Approximately 80% of patients with MMY may experience myeloma-related bone disease. Myeloma-related bone disease may cause skeletal complications, including bone pain, bone lesions, abnormal fractures and super-elevated calcium concentrations in the blood. This study is investigating the safety and efficacy of an experimental drug, bortezomib, to consolidate the response to the primary treatment compared to no such consolidation treatment. The analyses in this study will be exploratory in nature, since the study will not address any pre-defined statements but is designed to generate valid hypotheses on safety and efficacy issues. Bortezomib is currently marketed for the treatment of different types of cancer including MMY. Bortezomib has been shown to promote bone formation and increase the number of bone-regenerating cells in preliminary studies. In the present study, the effect of bortezomib on bone formation will be assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measuring bone mineral density, which is a measure for the quality of the bone structures. Several bone markers will be measured on serum samples. Bone markers are indicators of the bone activity. Patients will be evaluated for eligibility within a 14-day screening period, after providing written informed consent. Eligible patients will then be randomised to either bortezomib or observation alone. Baseline efficacy and safety assessments should be available on Cycle 1 Day 1 prior to administration of study medication. Randomization will be stratified by bisphosphonate treatment (use or not) at baseline and age (65 years or more versus less than 65 years). The treatment period is defined as the time the patient is actively receiving study treatment. Patients in the bortezomib arm will receive treatment of bortezomib for a total of 4 cycles or until start of alternative MMY treatment if earlier. Each cycle will consist of 5 weeks treatment. Subjects in the treatment group will receive bortezomib 1.6 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each cycle followed by a 13-day rest period (Days 23 to 35). Bisphosphonate therapy can be administered as medically indicated and according to local practice. Patients are to attend study center visits on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each treatment cycle or at Days 1, 36, 71, and 106 in the observation arm and at end of treatment (EOT) Visit. During these visits, different evaluations will be conducted to follow treatment safety: symptom directed physical examination, vital signs and laboratory tests. In addition, at Day 1 of Cycle 3 (prior to dosing) or Day 71 in the observation arm, patients will be assessed for disease progression or relapse by measurements of M-protein in serum and urine. If needed, absence of M-protein in serum and urine will be confirmed by immunofixation. Additional evaluations may be performed to document patient's clinical status and ability to tolerate additional therapy as clinically indicated. All patients will be followed for a total of 24 months since baseline. After end of the treatment phase, there will be a long-term follow-up period with visits at 4, 6, 12 and 18 months after the EOT Visit. In case the patient started alternative MMY treatment before completing the 18 months of follow-up, study assessments will stop, except for QoL assessments, which are to be continued up to 18 months of follow-up, and for a long-term follow-up for survival, which will be collected every 6 months by either a telephone call or a visit to the study site. The follow-up for survival will continue for all patients until the last patient has completed follow-up. In addition to scheduled visits, patients may have additional visits as clinically indicated. Every patient who was randomized should enter the long-term follow-up phase. Assessment of progressive disease (PD) or relapse from complete response (CR) should be performed according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) 2009 criteria. Changes in serum and urine M-protein (monoclonal paraprotein) levels will be confirmed by immunofixation in patients without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels. Karnofsky performance status will also be assessed. Safety will be assessed by monitoring of adverse events, physical examination (including neurological/peripheral neurological examinations), vital signs measurements and clinical laboratory tests. A total of two exploratory analyses will be performed for the present study: The first analysis (main analysis) will be presented after completion of the EOT Visit (24-weeks data). The second analysis will be the analysis at the end of the study on 18 months follow-up data. Patients in the bortezomib arm will receive treatment of bortezomib 1.6 mg/m² as a bolus infusion on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 every 5 weeks for a total of 4 cycles
Each cycle will consist of 5 weeks treatment. Subjects in the treatment group will receive: Velcade® 1.6 mg/m2 as an intravenous bolus injection on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each cycle followed by a 13-day rest period (Days 23 to 35) Cycle will be repeated on Day 36. Subjects in the treatment group will receive up to 4 treatment cycles, unless they experience either unacceptable toxicity or if the subject requests to withdraw from the study.
Unnamed facility
Feldkirch, Austria
Unnamed facility
Graz, Austria
Unnamed facility
Vienna, Austria
Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in the Spine at End of Treatment (EOT)
Change from baseline in bone mineral density (BMD) will be assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans at baseline and the EOT visit
Time frame: at screening (i.e. between 14 and 1 days prior to start of treatment) and at end of treatment (EOT), i.e. 24 weeks after randomization or until start of alternative MMY therapy, if earlier
Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in the Femur at End of Treatment
Change from baseline in bone mineral density (BMD) will be assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans at baseline and the end of treatment EOT visit
Time frame: at screening (i.e. between 14 and 1 days prior to start of treatment) and at end of treatment (EOT), i.e. 24 weeks after randomization or until start of alternative MMY therapy, if earlier
Progression Free Survival
The Progression-Free Survival (PFS) was assessed as median number of months from baseline until the first documented sign of disease progression (increase in disease; radiographic, clinical, or both) or death due to any cause, whichever occurred earlier.
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)
Change From Baseline in Biochemical Bone Markers:Carboxyterminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (ICTP), Osteocalcin, Bone-specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BAP)
Bone markers (carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), osteocalcin (Oc) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) was measured on serum samples.
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)
Change From Baseline in Biochemical Bone Markers: Carboxyterminal Collagen Crosslinks (CTX-I)
Change from Baseline in Biochemical Bone Markers: CTX-I was assessed
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Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
106
Unnamed facility
Brno, Czechia
Unnamed facility
Vejle, Denmark
Unnamed facility
Hamburg, Germany
Unnamed facility
Kiel, Germany
Unnamed facility
Mÿnchen, Germany
Unnamed facility
Athens, Greece
Unnamed facility
Huddinge, Sweden
...and 11 more locations
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)
Change From Baseline in Biochemical Bone Markers: Dickkopf Homolog 1 (DKK-1)
Bone markers Dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK-1) was measured on serum samples.
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)
Number of Patients With Skeletal Events
Number of patients with skeletal-related events (i.e. pathological fracture (vertebral, non-vertebral, combined), radiotherapy, spinal cord compression, orthopaedic surgery, hypercalcaemia) occurring over 24 months study period
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)
Appearance of New Bone Lesions Compared to Baseline
Appearance of new bone lesions assessed by skeletal survey compared to baseline
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)
Change From Baseline in Spine T-score
T score is used to calculate bone mineral density (calcium and other types of minerals) in an area of the bone. T score is the number of standard deviations above or below the mean for a healthy 30 year old adult of the same sex and ethnicity as a participant. This score is calculated from participant's age, gender and race and skeletal site. T score has a mean of '50' and a standard deviation of '10'. T score lower than its mean indicate low bone mineral density.
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)
Karnofsky Performance Status
The Karnofsky performance status is a way to quantify cancer patients' general well-being and activities of daily life and runs from 100 to 0, where 100 is "perfect" health and 0 is death.
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)
Overall Survival
Overall survival defined as time from first treatment of MMY, i.e. day of first dose of induction therapy for MMY to date of death
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)
Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Assessed by Euro Quality of Life (EQ-5D)
Subjects were asked to rate their general state of health on a Visual analog scale (in millimeter \[mm\]) ranging from 0 (worst state of health) to 100 (best conceivable state of health) mm.
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)
Tumor Response: Percentage of Participants With Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) or Stringent Complete Response (sCR) or Complete Response (CR) Based on International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Response Criteria
Tumor response was assessed as VGPR based on IMWG response criteria if, a) serum/urine M protein detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or; b) greater than or equal to 90% reduction in serum M protein plus urine M protein level less than 100 milligram/24 hour. CR=normal free light chain (FLC) ratio and absence of phenotypically aberrant plasma cells (PC) in bone marrow with a minimum of 3000 total PC analyzed by multiparametric flow cytometry; Complete response (CR) negative immunofixation on the serum and urine and, disappearance of any soft tissue plasmocytomas and \<5% plasma cells in bone marrow.
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)
Tumor Response: Percentage of Participants With Stable Disease (SD) or Progressive Disease (PD) Based on International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Response Criteria
Tumor response was assessed as SD based on IMWG response criteria as not meeting criteria for CR, VGPR, PR, or progressive disease; PD as Increase of \>=25% from lowest response level in any one or more of the following: serum M protein (absolute increase \>=0.5 g/dl)c or urine M protein (absolute increase \>=200 mg/24 h); or serum/urine M protein unmeasurable: difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain (FLC) levels; absolute increase \>10 mg/dL; or % bone marrow plasma cells: absolute value \>=10% or definite development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmocytomas or definite increase in the size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmocytomas; or development of hypercalcemia attributed solely to the plasma cell proliferative disorder.
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)
Tumor Response: Percentage of Participants With Partial Response (PR) Based on International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Response Criteria
Tumor response was assessed as PR based on IMWG response criteria as \>=50% reduction of serum and reduction in 24-h urinary M protein by \>=90% or to \<200 mg/24 h; or serum/urine M protein unmeasurable:\>=50% decrease in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels; or serum/urine M protein and FLC assay unmeasurable: \>=50% reduction in plasma cells provided baseline bone marrow plasma cell percentage was \>=30%; or plus if present at baseline: \>=50% reduction in size of soft tissue plasmocytomas.
Time frame: Baseline up to end of study (approximately 4 years 7 months)