The objective of this study is to determine ad libitum daily energy and protein intake, energy balance and appetite profile in response to protein/carbohydrate and fat ratio over 12 consecutive days, also as a function of age, gender, BMI and FTO polymorphisms.
Following the protein leverage hypothesis, energy intake may be a derivative of protein intake. Therefore, in response to an unbalanced menu relative to the usual daily intake target, protein intake should be prioritized. Individuals may over-consume carbohydrate and fat of a menu containing a lower ratio of protein to carbohydrate and fat until the daily intake target amount of protein is ingested, and not the target of total energy intake because of a deficit of protein intake. In contrast, individuals may under-consume energy when the menu has an increased protein to carbohydrate and fat ratio. The protein leverage hypothesis requires evidence for why protein intake is more important than carbohydrate or fat in relation to food intake regulation.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
81
Differences in protein content (energy percent) of meals
Maastricht University, Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM)
Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
energy intake
Time frame: 12 consecutive days
protein intake
Time frame: 12 consecutive days
energy balance
Time frame: 12 consecutive days
appetite profile
Time frame: 12 consecutive days
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