Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery Versus Endoscopic Full-thickness Gastroplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Inclusion Criteria: * long history of GERD symptoms * persistent or recurrent symptoms despite optimal medical treatment * persistent or recurrent complications of GERD * reduced quality of life owing to increasing esophageal exposure to gastric juice * pathological values in the preoperative evaluated functional parameters. Exclusion Criteria: * any distinct hiatal hernia detectable by gastroscopy or barium radiography * dysphagia * esophageal strictures * poor physical status (American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores III and IV) and pregnancy.