Genetic Testing in Predicting Tumor Response in Patients With Stage I-III HER2 Negative Invasive Breast Cancer

Overview

This phase II trial studies how well genetic testing works in predicting tumor response in patients with stage I-III HER2 negative invasive breast cancer. Genetic testing is a procedure that tests tumor samples to learn if certain genes are activated (turned on) in the tumor and if the activation of these genes may predict if the tumor will be sensitive or resistant to routine breast cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or hormonal therapy.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: I. To determine the feasibility of implementation of molecular (genomic) predictive testing for patients with localized (stage I-III) invasive carcinoma of the breast who are candidates for either adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment of their breast cancer. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Estimate the frequency of tumors in each of the four molecularly defined cohorts, overall and within subsets defined by nodal status and estrogen receptor (ER) status. II. Estimate the concordance of genomic analysis of gene expression levels for ER and HER2 from the microarray (published previously), compared with standard testing with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to determine ER and HER2 status in these tumors. III. Estimate the rates of indeterminate results and other variables of feasibility for tissue obtained by different procurement methods including: fine needle aspiration, core needle biopsy or surgical resection. IV. Estimate the impact of adjuvant therapy as measured by disease free survival (DFS) at 3 and 5 years for the patients within each cohort who received a neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment that is concordant with the application of the prediction result (i.e. chemotherapy \[CT\] with sequential taxane and anthracycline regimens +/- subsequent endocrine therapy \[ET\] if hormone receptor-positive) as follows: Group A: ET alone (without CT); Group B: CT followed by ET; Group C: CT alone; Group D: CT, followed by ET if hormone receptor positive. V. Estimate the impact of neoadjuvant therapy for patients within each cohort, as measured by pathologic response in the breast and regional lymph nodes (pathologic complete response rate \[pCR\] and residual cancer burden \[RCB\]). VI. Estimate the predictive performance of other pre-validated and published genomic predictors of chemotherapy or endocrine therapy sensitivity by calculating those predictions from the microarray data that are produced or by using available results if the test was performed separately for clinical use. VII. Determine molecular characteristics of residual disease by analyzing resected surgical specimens of residual disease in patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. VIII. Determine molecular characteristics of recurrent or metastatic disease by analyzing tumor tissue obtained from diagnostic biopsies of a recurrent or metastatic tumor and comparing these samples to the primary tumor. OUTLINE: Patients undergo biopsy or surgery to obtain tumor sample for genetic testing. Patients are then assigned to 4 treatment cohorts as determined by genetic test results. After completion of study, patients are followed up for 5 years.