Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Neuromyelitis Optica

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 18-65, inclusive * Diagnosis of NMO using Wingerchuk 2006 NMO Criteria * EDSS 0-6.5 * Treatment with a minimum of one NMO therapy in past 12 months * One objective and documented relapse in the past 12 months and two relapse events in the past 24 months despite medical therapy * ECOG performance status 0-3 * Platelets ≥100 x 109/L * ALT ≤3 x ULN * Total bilirubin ≤2.0 x ULN, except in patients with Gilbert syndrome or in patients in whom the bilirubin rise is of non-hepatic origin * Serum creatinine \<1.5 x ULN or creatinine clearance ≥50 cc/min * Patients must reside in Alberta, Canada for the duration of the transplant period of the trial Exclusion Criteria: * Any illness that would jeopardize the ability of the patient to complete study protocol * Prior malignancy unless non-melanoma skin cancer, carcinoma in-situ of the cervix (CIN) or breast, or malignancy treated more than 5 years previously with no evidence of recurrent disease since initial treatment * Pregnant or lactating females. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine β-hCG pregnancy test at screening * Inability or unwillingness to pursue effective means of birth control * FEV1/FVC \< 50% of predicted * DLCO \< 50% of predicted * Resting LVEF \< 50 % * Known hypersensitivity to mouse, rabbit, or E. Coli derived proteins, or to iron compounds/medications * Presence of metallic objects implanted in the body that would preclude the ability of the patient to safely have MRI exams * Unable or unwilling to provide written informed consent for participation * Active infection except asymptomatic bacteriuria * Any use of investigational therapies within 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment * Patients dependent on prednisone who cannot be successfully tapered to a maximum of 0.5mg/kg/d prior to mobilization therapy