A Trial to Evaluate the Improvement in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Radiation With or Without Brachytherapy

Inclusion Criteria: * Cytologic or histologic proof of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) * Stages III, IV or recurrent disease * Documented endobronchial luminal disease by either endoscopy or CT-imaging * Candidate for palliative thoracic radiation therapy because of cough, shortness of breath or hemoptysis Exclusion Criteria: * Age less than 18 years of age * Uncontrolled or symptomatic brain metastases * Anticipated survival of less than 3 months * Systemic therapy planned to begin within 6 weeks following randomization * Systemic therapy within 4 weeks of planned study randomization * Any prior radiotherapy involving the lungs * Cardiac arrest or myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to study randomization * Inability to receive sedation or undergo invasive procedures due to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bleeding disorders, or other medical conditions which will preclude the use of HDRIB * Pregnancy, lactation, or failure to use dual-method contraception in pre-menopausal women * Unwillingness or inability (e.g. incompetence, severe psychiatric disorders) to complete informed consent and the baseline QoL assessments required for the trial * Having received an investigational agent within one month of study randomization * Inability to attend regular follow-up evaluations due to psychiatric or addictive disorder or geographic inaccessibility