Analysis of the Enteric Nervous System Using Colonic Biopsies

Inclusion Criteria: Patients * Patients aged 50-80 year old, both genders * Parkinson's disease patients * Multiple system atrophy patients * Progressive supranuclear palsy patients * Controls: patient at risk of colic cancer for whom a colonoscopy is required * Patients who signed the informed consent Controls * Patients aged 50 to 80 year-old for whom a rectosigmoidoscopy or a colonoscopy is required for colorectal screening * Patients who signed the informed consent * Health care beneficiary Exclusion Criteria: Patients * Colonic disorder (except non-complicated diverticular disease) * Other neurological disorder than parkinsonism * Patients treated with either platelet antiaggregants, anticoagulants or with a known coagulation disorder * Patients with a cognitive impairment that preclude them from understanding the informed consent * Patients placed under legal guardianship Controls * Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease or other dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis... * Functional bowel disorder such as irritable bowel syndrome * Patients with a cognitive impairment that preclude them from understanding the informed consent