Levofloxacin in Preventing Infection in Young Patients With Acute Leukemia Receiving Chemotherapy or Undergoing Stem Cell Transplantation

Inclusion Criteria: * Patient must fit 1 of the following 2 categories: * Chemotherapy patients * Planned to receive at least 2 consecutive cycles (not required to be the first 2 cycles) of intensive chemotherapy for either: * De novo, relapsed or secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML), or acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage treated with standard AML therapy * Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) * For the purposes of this study, "intensive chemotherapy" is defined as regimens that are predicted by the local investigator to cause neutropenia for \> 7 days; examples include, but are not limited to, treatment with "4-drug induction" (anthracycline, vincristine, asparaginase, and steroid), high dose cytarabine, anthracycline/cytarabine, ifosfamide/etoposide, and clofarabine-containing regimens * Stem cell transplantation patients * Planned to receive at least 1 myeloablative autologous or allogeneic HSCT * For the purposes of this study, myeloablative autologous and allogeneic HSCT are those in which the conditioning regimen is predicted by the local Investigator to cause neutropenia for \> 7 days * Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \> 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 OR serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows: * 0.5 mg/dL (6 months to \< 1 year of age) * 0.6 mg/dL (1 to \< 2 years of age) * 0.8 mg/dL (2 to \< 6 years of age) * 1.0 mg/dL (6 to \< 10 years of age) * 1.2 mg/dL (10 to \< 13 years of age) * 1.5 mg/dL (male)/1.4 mg/dL (female) (13 to \< 16 years of age) * 1.7 mg/dL (male)/1.4 mg/dL (female) (\>= 16 years of age) * Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1, or 2; use Karnofsky for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =\< 16 years of age * All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent * All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met Exclusion Criteria: * Patients previously enrolled on the trial are not eligible; therefore, patients with AL who were on study during intensive chemotherapy are not eligible to be enrolled during the HSCT * Patients with an allergy to quinolones * Patients with chronic active arthritis * Patients with a known pathologic prolongation of the corrected QT (QTc) * Females who are pregnant or breast feeding * Patients being treated with antibacterial agents, other than any of the following: * Cotrimoxazole or other agents including dapsone, atovaquone, and pentamidine administered for Pneumocystitis jiroveci (PCP) prophylaxis * Topical antibiotics * Central venous catheter antibiotic lock therapy * Note: prophylactic antifungal therapy is NOT an exclusion criterion * Patients currently enrolled on the ACCL1034 study are not eligible until they have completed the 90 day observation period of that study