Safety and Efficacy of Palonosetron IV to Prevent Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Male or female patient aged from full term neonate to less than 17 years. * In-patient or out-patient scheduled to undergo one of the following procedures: * ear, nose and throat surgery (e.g., tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, myringotomy), * eye surgery (e.g. strabismus, vitreoretinal, cataract surgery), * urological surgery (e.g. orchidopexy, varicocoele), * plastic reconstructive surgery (e.g. cleft lip/cleft palate, burn procedures involving the scalp), * hernia repair, * orthopedic surgery (e.g. foot and ankle deformities, arthroscopic surgeries, ACL surgery),. * cardiac surgery, * neurosurgery. * Patient is scheduled to undergo surgery requiring general intravenous anesthesia * Patient is scheduled to receive nitrous oxide during the maintenance phase of anesthesia * Patient weighs at least 3.2 kg * ASA physical status I, II or III * Fertile patients (male or female) must use reliable contraceptive measures * Female patients who have attained menarche must have a negative pregnancy test at the screening visit (Visit 1) and at study treatment visit (Visit 2) * For patients with known hepatic impairment: in the Investigator's opinion, the impairment does not jeopardize the patient's safety during the study * For patients with known renal impairment: in the Investigator's opinion, the impairment does not jeopardize the patient's safety during the study Exclusion Criteria: * Lactating females * Patient aged ≤6 years who received any investigational drug within 90 days prior to Day 1, or patient aged \>6 years who received any investigational drug within 30 days prior to Day 1 or is expected to receive investigational drugs prior to study completion. * Patient having participated in any previous trial with palonosetron. * History of allergy to any components or any other contraindications to the use of any 5-HT3 receptor antagonists * Patient to undergo emergency surgery * Patient scheduled to receive regional anesthesia (lumbar, epidural, spinal) alone or in conjunction with general intravenous anesthesia * Patient scheduled to receive laryngeal mask anesthesia * Patient scheduled to receive propofol during the maintenance phase of anesthesia * Patient suffering from any concomitant disease uncontrolled by therapy, which, in the judgment of the Investigator, could compromise the outcome of surgery * Patient with history of gastro-esophageal reflux (except for patients up to 12 months) * Patient with ongoing vomiting from any organic cause * Patient having experienced any vomiting, retching, or nausea within 24 hours prior to the administration of the study drug