Understanding Hand Hygiene Behavior at Unidad Nacional Oncologia Pediatrica

Overview

Healthcare associated infections increase morbidity and mortality among all hospitalized patients, especially in those who are immunocompromised, in both developed and in countries with limited resources. However, when resources are limited, infection prevention and control measures are often overlooked by personnel and institutions. Hand hygiene has been shown numerous times to be the most effective way to prevent infections in the healthcare setting. In Unidad Nacional de Oncologia Pediatrica (UNOP) in Guatemala City, Guatemala, there have been several infrastructural improvements and periodic education and promotion activities. Still, acceptable hand hygiene compliance has not yet been sustainably achieved. The investigators wish to study reasons why staff at UNOP do or do not practice hand hygiene when it is indicated through the use of focus groups and interviews.

Healthcare associated infections (HAI) are a concern in all parts of the world. Patients who are immune-compromised by chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS, or organ transplant are especially susceptible to infection. In addition to the opportunistic infections that these patients are at risk of acquiring, the emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus species pose a risk to healthy individuals as well. Hand hygiene is one of the most important infection prevention practices for everyone in a hospital. In resource-poor countries, infection prevention and control programs are often neglected due to a lack of funding and organizational priorities. The Division of Infectious Diseases - International Outreach (ID-IO) has partnered with several hospitals in Latin America to mentor healthcare providers and provide key supplies so that they deliver the best care and prevent infection in units where the patients have the greatest risk of acquiring and dying from infections. Because of its importance, ID-IO has focused on hand hygiene as a building block for safe care at these hospitals; therefore, each year, at these hospitals, a hospital-wide education and promotion effort on hand hygiene is completed. The topics covered are general hospital hygiene, access to hand hygiene stations, and ensuring that adequate supplies for hand hygiene are available. Observation of hand hygiene practices before, during, and after bedside clinical activities shows there is a temporary improvement in compliance with current hand hygiene guidelines; however, the rates of compliance decline again as HAIs increase. In this study, the investigators propose to use already available hand hygiene practice surveillance and healthcare associated infection documentation and obtain the healthcare professionals' opinions and experiences that affect the practice of hand hygiene. Because motivation and barriers to practice hand hygiene derive from more than just education and adequate supplies, the investigators would like to understand the reasons why the healthcare providers do and do not practice hand hygiene when indicated. The methods to be used in this study are focus group meetings and structured interviews with staff of Unidad Nacional de Oncologia Pediatrica in Guatemala City, Guatemala.