Effects of Serotonin Excess on Bone in Carcinoid Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria: * Willing to participate * Able to give informed consent * Patient with carcinoid syndrome-active disease (untreated or receiving medical treatment) * or * Healthy volunteer who adequately matches a patient with carcinoid syndrome gender, age (±5 years), height (±5cm) and BMI(±3 kg/m2) Exclusion Criteria: * Curative surgery for carcinoid disease * Body weight over 159 kg (weight limit for DXA measurement of BMD) * Previous orthopaedic surgery or fractures which preclude imaging at all sites * History of any long term immobilization (duration greater than three months) * Fracture less than one year prior to recruitment * Current pregnancy or trying to conceive * Delivery of last child less than one year prior to recruitment * Breast feeding less than one year prior to recruitment * History of, or current conditions known to affect bone metabolism * Diagnosed skeletal disease or inflammatory arthritis * Chronic renal disease * Malabsorption syndromes * Other diagnosed endocrine disorders * Hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia * Diagnosed restrictive eating disorder * Diabetes mellitus * Conditions or surgery which prevent the acquisition or analysis of DXA, VFA or HR-pQCT * Use of medications or treatment known to affect bone metabolism * Alcohol intake greater than 21 units per week