To evaluate the efficacy of the adapted program a randomized controlled trial enrolling 620 eligible African American men who have sex with men (MSM) will be conducted. Men in the treatment condition will be compared to men receiving the control condition comprised of standard of care counseling from the clinic plus a free bag of condoms and water-based lubricants. This two-arm trial will test four hypotheses: Aim: To test the efficacy of a brief, clinic-based and theory-guided, intervention designed to reduce STD incidence and risk of HIV acquisition/transmission among young African American men (15-29 years old) having sex with men and presenting for STD testing. H1. Men randomized to receive the intervention will have a lower incidence rate of laboratory-confirmed STDs at each of three follow-up assessments compared to those receiving the control condition. H2. Men randomized to receive the intervention will report significantly fewer acts of unprotected penetrative sex (penile-vaginal or penile-anal) between follow-up assessments compared to those receiving the control condition. H3. Men randomized to receive the intervention will report having significantly fewer unprotected penetrative sex partners (for penile-vaginal or penile-anal sex) between follow-up assessments compared to those receiving the control condition. H4. Men randomized to receive the intervention will report having significantly fewer negative experiences with condom use between follow-up assessments compared to those receiving the control condition. H5. Men randomized to receive the intervention will demonstrate significantly greater improvement in condom application skills, throughout the 12-month study, compared to those receiving the control condition.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has termed AIDS a "health crisis" for African Americans and has called for a heightened national response. The crisis is especially dramatic in the South and it is now apparent that young African American men who have sex with men (MSM) are exceedingly likely to be infected. Unfortunately, the ever-expanding HIV epidemic experienced by this population has not been matched by equal attention to the development of efficacious prevention programs. The proposed project expands upon an NIMH-funded study (R21 MH066682-01A1) conducted by Dr. Crosby. His study of young African American males found that a brief, clinic-based intervention reduced incidence of subsequent STDs by about 50%. This brief, one-on-one, intervention program, known as Focus on the Future (FOF), is a practical alternative to group-based safer sex programs that can be difficult to translate from science into practice. The program is now classified as a "Best Practice" intervention by CDC. This project will begin with an extensive formative phase designed to adapt FOF to MSM. The adapted program will seek to "sexualize" condoms to promote their consistent and correct use to better prevent STD/HIV. The program is uniquely flexible in that it can be applied to MSM regardless of their HIV serostatus. The adapted program will be tested by a two-arm efficacy trail. We will recruit 620 MSM (15-29 years of age) from a publicly-funded STD clinic in Jackson MS. Men in the treatment condition will be compared to men receiving the control condition comprised of standard of care counseling from the clinic plus a free ditty bag of supplies from the "condom and lube buffet" (condom/lube distribution). The trial will test four hypotheses: 1) Men randomized to receive the intervention will have a lower incidence rate of laboratory-confirmed STDs (by urine assay and rectal swab) at a 6-month and a 12-month follow-up assessment) compared to controls. 2) Men randomized to receive the intervention will report significantly fewer acts of unprotected penetrative sex (penile-vaginal or penile-anal) between follow-up assessments compared to controls. 3) Men randomized to receive the intervention will report having significantly fewer unprotected penetrative (penile-vaginal or penile-anal) sex partners between follow-up assessments compared to controls. 4) Men randomized to receive the intervention will report having significantly fewer negative experiences with condom use between follow-up assessments compared to controls. Given the dearth of evidence-based options for intervening with this vulnerable population in clinical settings, demonstrated efficacy of the adapted program has important implications for U.S. public health efforts directed towards the prevention of STD/HIV.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
620
The intervention will consist of an education program. The education program includes providing the ability to enjoy condom use through improved skills related to finding the right "fit and feel" of condoms, using lubricants that are compatible with latex, negotiating condom use, negotiating sex, and talking with new and existing sex partners about ways to "sexualize" condoms.
Mississippi State Department of Health STD Clinic
Jackson, Mississippi, United States
The frequency of unprotected sex rather than frequency of condom use will be used as the primary outcome measure.
This will be achieved through the use of a centralized text messaging service. Once each week (throughout the 12-month observation period) men will receive questions, via text. The data from these weekly questions will be cumulated to form "3-month" variables that correspond with the STD-testing intervals between baseline and the first follow-up assessment and between the first follow-up assessment and the second one (at 6 months), as well as the "6-month" variables corresponding to the STD-testing interval between the 6-month assessment and the final assessment at 12 months.
Time frame: 12 months (per participant)
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