Music Therapy as Procedural Support for Young Children Undergoing Immunizations

Florida State University150 enrolled

Overview

Many young children undergo medical procedures that are painful and distressing. Negative experiences during medical procedures can have serious long-term effects, including fear and avoidance of medical procedures during adulthood. Distraction interventions can help prevent children from forming negative memories of medical procedures. Live music therapy has been shown to alleviate pediatric distress during both invasive and non-invasive procedures. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of music therapy on the child's distress behaviors and time to calm, as well as the length of the procedure and use of restraint, and parents' and healthcare staffs' behaviors during the procedure, for young children undergoing immunizations and influenza vaccinations. It is hypothesized that children receiving music therapy will show fewer distress behaviors, calm more quickly, and have shorter procedures with fewer instances of restraint compared to children who receive standard care. In addition, it is predicted that adults (parents and staff) will show fewer distress-promoting behaviors during, before, and after the procedures.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

150

Conditions

Immunization

Interventions

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 48 MonthsMax age: 72 MonthsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants will be pediatric patients (N = 60) from 48 to 72 months of age who are undergoing immunizations, as well as their parents/legal guardians (N = 60) and the healthcare staff who are conducting/assisting with their procedure (N = 60). Exclusion Criteria: * Any children whose parents are non-English speakers or staff who are non-English speakers will be excluded.

Locations (3)

Tallahassee Primary Care Associates

Tallahassee, Florida, United States

Tallahassee Memorial HealthCare Family Medicine Clinic

Tallahassee, Florida, United States

Memorial Pediatrics

Bainbridge, Georgia, United States

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Child's behavioral distress, as measured by the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS)

Distress will be assessed at fifteen second intervals throughout the procedure by trained observers upon review of videos of procedures (within approximately one month of procedure)

Time frame: From the time the nurse enters the treatment room until the child leaves the treatment room after the procedure (approximately 5-10 minutes)

Secondary Outcomes

Child and adult behaviors, as measured by the Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale- Short Form (CAMPIS-SF)

Child and adult behaviors will be assessed at fifteen second intervals throughout the procedure by trained observers upon review of videos of procedures (within approximately one month of procedure).

Time frame: From the time the nurse enters the treatment room until the child leaves the treatment room after the procedure (approximately 5-10 minutes)

Child's pain and distress, reported by the child's parent using the Universal Pain Assessment Tool

Time frame: After the procedure, when the child and parent have left the treatment room (within approximately 5 minutes of the procedure).

Parent perceptions of and satisfaction with the procedure, measured using a researcher-designed satisfaction survey

Time frame: After the procedure, when the child and parent have left the treatment room (within approximately 5 minutes of the procedure).

Length of time it takes the child to calm after the procedure, in minutes and seconds

Assessed by trained observers upon review of a video tape of the procedure (within approximately a month of the procedure)

Time frame: Observers will begin recording the length of time to calm starting with the needle insertion and ending when the child receives a CHEOPS score of 6 or less (within approximately 5 minutes after needle insertion).