Providing Access to Cord Blood Units for Transplants

Overview

Background: \- Cord blood banks have been set up to collect and store umbilical cord blood for transplants. These transplants are used to treat different types of cancer. In October 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began considering cord blood as a biological drug. Most of the cord blood units currently available in cord blood banks in the United States and other countries were collected before the FDA set these new standards. The units meet standards set by the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP), but they were not collected, tested, or stored exactly according to FDA standards. As a result, the new guidelines state that they may only be used for transplant if the transplant is done as part of a study. Researchers have set up a study to provide these cord blood units to recipients and to study the effects of their use. Objectives: * To provide access to cord blood units for recipients whose best choice for a unit meets NMDP but not FDA standards. * To study the effects of these cord blood transplants. Eligibility: \- Individuals who need to have a cord blood transplant to treat certain types of cancer. Design: * Participants will be screened with a physical exam, medical history. They will also have blood tests and imaging studies. * Participants will have the cord blood transplant and allow their medical data to be collected by the study researchers.

Study Design: This study is an access and distribution protocol for unlicensed cryopreserved cord blood units (CBUs) in pediatric and adult patients with hematologic malignancies and other indications. Primary Objective: The primary aim of this study is to examine the incidence of neutrophil recovery of (Bullet)500/mm3 after cord blood transplantation in a multi-institution setting using CBUs that are not Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed. Secondary Objectives: In patients receiving a non-licensed CBU: * Assess incidence of graft rejection * Assess incidence of transmission of infection * Assess incidence of serious infusion reaction * Determine 1 year survival after cord blood transplantation * Assess cumulative incidence of acute graft vs. host disease (GVHD) grades II to IV and grades III to IV * Assess cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD * Determine platelet engraftment of \>20,000 mcL and \>50,000 mcL * Determine CBU-derived engraftment Eligibility Criteria: Inclusion Criteria * Patients with FDA-specified indications (see Appendix B for further details): * Hematological malignancies * Certain lysosomal storage and peroxisomal enzyme deficiency disorders * Hurler syndrome (MPS I) * Krabbe Disease (Globoid Leukodystrophy) * X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy * Primary immunodeficiency diseases * Bone marrow failure * Beta-thalassemia * Signed informed consent (and signed assent, if applicable) * Pediatric and adult patients of any age Exclusion Criteria * Patients who are receiving only licensed CBUs * Cord blood transplant recipients at international transplant centers Treatment Description: Treatment, including pre-transplant conditioning and GVHD prophylaxis, will occur per each transplant center s specifications. Accrual Objective: In this access and distribution protocol, U.S. patients undergoing transplant using unlicensed CBUs will be enrolled and there is no accrual maximum. Accrual Period: The accrual period is open ended.