The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between health outcomes associated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptomatology, the findings will guide the design of interventional studies.
Obstructive sleep apnea is a condition characterised by periods of narrowing of the pharyngeal airways during sleep causing hypoxic and hypercapnic episodes with the cessation of ventilation. Considering the high number of overweight and obese individuals in Western society the understanding of the pathomechanisms behind OSA are important. This observational study aims to investigate the correlations between the severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea assessed by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and different health outcomes associated with the OSA.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
66
Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board
Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI)
AHI refers to how is the number of apneas and hypopneas per an hour of sleep.
Time frame: one night within four weeks of study.
Residual volume
Volume of air remaining in lungs after full expiration
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Functional residual volume
Air present in lungs at the end of passive expiration
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Total lung capacity
Total volume of lungs
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Forced Vital capacity
Maximum amount of air which can be expired from the lungs following a full inspiration
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
Maximum amount of air which can be expired from the lungs in one second.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Airway Resistance
Opposition of flow caused by forces of friction.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Plasma 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
Ligand of the G-protein coupled CB1 and CB2 receptors, has been found to be correlated with Oleylethanolamide (OEA) in OSA patients have various effects on energy metabolism.
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Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment and after four weeks of CPAP treatment.
Plasma Anandamide (ANA)
Ligand of the G-protein coupled CB1 and CB2 receptors, found to be correlated with blood pressure in OSA after the adjustment of confounding variables. Have various effects on energy metabolism.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment and after four weeks of CPAP treatment
Plasma oleoylethanolamine (OEA)
A lipid mediator which acts as an anorexigenic (appetite suppressant), and is elevated with sleep deprivation.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment and after four weeks of CPAP treatment
Plasma Leptin
Circulating protein produced in adipose tissue. Elevated in OSA and obesity. Leptin may reduce respiratory depression.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment and after four weeks of CPAP treatment
Plasma Adiponectin
Hormone secreted by adipocytes (Fat cells). Adiponectin is closely linked to metabolism and may have anti-inflammatory properties.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment and after four weeks of CPAP treatment
Plasma C-reactive Protein
Marker of inflammation.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment and after four weeks of CPAP treatment
Insulin
Hormone which causes liver and muscle and fat cells to take up glucose to convert to glycogen. OSA is associated with insulin resistance.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment and after four weeks of CPAP treatment
Neck circumference
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Waist circumference
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Hip circumference
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Weight
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Fat-free mass
Non-fat components of the human body estimated non-invasively using a bioimpedance measurement system.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Fat mass
Fat components of the human body estimated non-invasively using bioimpedance measurement system.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Maximal Inspiratory pressure
Measured at residual volume, reflects the strength of the diaphragm and other inspiratory muscles.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Rate of inspiratory muscle fatigue
The decline in maximal inspiratory pressure following inspiration against a resistance.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Chest RPE
Rating of perceived exertion in the chest and associated airways during the inspiratory fatigue protocol.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Dyspnea
Rating of breathlessness half way through fatigue protocol and at the end of protocol.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Ventilation with 25% O2/ 6% CO2
Measures the breathing response to high oxygen and high CO2 therefore assessing the central chemoreceptors response only.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Ventilation with 13% O2
Measures the breathing response to low oxygen. Designed to Assess the response to the peripheral chemoreceptors.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Ventilation with 13% O2 / 6% CO2
Measures the breathing response to low oxygen and high CO2. Designed to assess the response of the sum of the peripheral and central chemoreceptors
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Mean RR interval
Time domain measure: Average time interval between the heart beats R waves
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
SDNN
Time domain measure: The standard deviation of all RR intervals
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
NN50 count
Time domain measure: The number of pairs of adjacent RR intervals differing by more than 50 ms in the entire analysis interval.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
NN50 of total HR (%)
Time domain measure: NN50 count divided by total number of all RR intervals.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
HRV triangular index
The total number of RR intervals divided by maximum height of the histogram excluding boundaries.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment
Low frequency domain
Frequency domain analysis: represents 0.04-0.15 Hz reflecting sympathetic activity.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment.
High frequency domain
Frequency domain analysis: represents 0.15-0.40 Hz reflecting parasympathetic activity.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment.
LF/HF ratio
The ratio of low frequency (0.04 - 0.15 Hz) to high (0.15-0.40 Hz) frequency recordings.
Time frame: Within four weeks of recruitment prior to CPAP treatment.