Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training on Synthesis of Individual Muscle Proteins in Young and Older Adults

Mayo Clinic67 enrolled

Overview

Loss of skeletal muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass occurs with of aging. This are-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle strength is a major underlying factor contributing to many of the metabolic disorders and frailty of the investigators rapidly expanding aging population. Endurance (aerobic) and resistance exercise training programs have been shown to effectively reverse the age-related decline in metabolic and contractile muscle functions. The investigators will measure synthesis rates of individual muscle proteins in 36 each of young (18-30 yrs) and 36 older (\> 65 yrs) people to determine their response to 8 weeks each of endurance, resistance, combined endurance and resistance training, or placebo exercise training. Hypotheses. 1. to measure fractional synthesis rates of multiple muscle proteins and identify those that are enhanced by an endurance exercise program 2. to determine whether changes in protein synthesis in response to endurance exercise programs are dependent on age 3. to measure fractional muscle synthesis rates of multiple muscle proteins and to identify those that are enhanced by a resistance exercise program 4. to determine whether changes in protein synthesis in response to resistance exercise programs are dependent on age

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Sarcopenia

Endurance exerciseBEHAVIORAL

Participants will perform 8-weeks of endurance exercise training. Participants will train 5 days per week for 60 min at 65% of VO2 peak.

Resistance exerciseBEHAVIORAL

Participants will perform 8-weeks of resistance exercise training. Participants will train 4 days per week for \~60 min. Two days will focus on lower body resistance training and two days will focus on upper body.

Control/Combined trainingBEHAVIORAL

Participants will perform 8-weeks of no exercise (control), followed by 8-weeks of combined endurance and resistance training. Participants will endurance train 5 days per week for 30 min at 65% of VO2 peak and resistance train 4 days per week for 30 min.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy * 18 to 30 or \>65 years * Males and Females Exclusion Criteria: * Regular Exercise Program * Smoking * Cardiometabolic Disease (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, thyroid disorders) * Drugs known to impair metabolic function (beta blockers, steroids) * Allergies to lidocaine * Physical disability that precludes exercise

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis

The investigators will determine the change from baseline in skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Measurments will be performed at baseline and following 8 weeks of exercise training.

Time frame: Measured at week 0 (baseline) and week 8

Secondary Outcomes

Mitochondrial Function

The investigators will determine the change from baseline in mitochondrial function. Measurments will be performed at baseline and following 8 weeks of exercise training.