Comparative Study Between Early Vitrectomy and Observation for Spontaneous Closure of Traumatic Macular Hole

Inclusion Criteria: * closed globe injury * identification of full-thickness macular hole by optical coherence tomography within one month after trauma Exclusion Criteria: * open globe injury * coexistence of idiopathic macular hole * severe opaque in the visual axis caused by the injury(eg. severe cataract, severe vitreous hemorrhage) * combined injuries requiring immediate surgical intervention (eg. lens dislocation, retinal detachment, cyclodialysis) * coexistence of high myopia * coexistence of choroidal rupture or subretinal hemorrhage within the diameter of 400μm from the center of the foveola * coexistence of severe optic nerve injury (no light perception, positive afferent pupillary defect)