The proposed trial will evaluate whether relatively non immune populations in endemic countries can be effectively infected with aseptic, purified, cryopreserved sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) given intradermally.
Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) is a critical component of malaria vaccine and drug development and is an important element of any strategy for accelerating the development of new tools for malaria control, elimination and eradication. Until now, CHMI has been performed in malaria naïve subjects from countries not endemic for malaria using both infectious mosquitoes and recently, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ). Results from these studies report significant infection success in all study subjects and an excellent safety profile. The conduct of CHMI studies in malaria endemic populations will allow early understanding of responses to new vaccines and drugs in endemic country populations and for direct comparisons between previously exposed and non-exposed individuals. Performing CHMI studies in malaria endemic countries will reduce associated costs, speed-up the process of testing and substantially contribute to the acceleration of the malaria vaccine and drug research and development processes. This study to be conducted in Bagamoyo, Tanzania, aims to see whether people in endemic countries with minimal previous history of malaria are suitable for CHMI using PfSPZ Challenge. This study will also assess whether the success rate of the experiment is improved by lowering the volume of injection and increasing the number of inoculations. Hence, the study will contribute towards improvements in the CHMI studies using syringe and needle inoculation of sporozoites.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
30
Aseptic, purified, vialed, cryopreserved, fully infectious NF54 Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge)
Saline
Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute
Bagamoyo, Tanzania
Number of volunteers positive in each group through day 28 of follow up.
Thick smears will be performed according to a standard operating procedure. In short, 15 μL of whole blood will be distributed on standardized 3-well slides, providing an equal slide thickness for all smears. Slides are dried and stained with Giemsa. 200 fields per slide will be read at 1000X. Slides are considered positive if they contain 2 or more parasites per 200 fields.
Time frame: 5 to 28 days
Time from inoculation until first positive parasitemia by thick smear in each volunteer in the two groups.
Time frame: 5-28 days
Time from inoculation to until first positive parasitemia by qRT-PCR in each volunteer in the two groups.
qRT-PCR will be performed according to standard procedure described in Hermsen et al. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 2001; 118: 247-251. In short, qRT-PCR will be performed on the multicopy 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Cultured P. falciparum ring stage parasites are taken as a positive control. All samples are spiked with murine white blood cells, and a murine albumin gene PCR is used to determine efficacy of DNA isolation.
Time frame: 5-28 days
Kinetics of parasitemia in positive volunteers in the two groups as measured by qRT-PCR.
Thick smear, malaria rapid diagnostic test and qRT-PCR samples will be taken from the same 3 mL EDTA vacutainer tube. Histidine Rich Protein 2 based malaria rapid diagnostic tests will be used in parallel to thick smears.
Time frame: 5-28 days
Occurrence or intensity of signs or symptoms in the two groups of volunteers
Signs and symptoms will be recorded at all visits and whenever a trial volunteer reports signs or symptoms to the trial physician between visits. The following signs and symptoms will be solicited: fever, headache, malaise, fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, nausea, vomiting, chills, diarrhea, abdominal pain (Verhage, Telgt, Bousema, Hermsen, van Gemert, van der Meer, \& Sauerwein 2005), chest pain, palpitations and shortness of breath.
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Time frame: 5 days to 6 months